Turin has also an observatory, an academy of the fine arts, it philharmonic academy, a royal agricultural society, and a military college. There are communal schools, divided into classes, in each district of the town ; and also schools for drawing applied to the mechanical arts; and schools for the deaf and dumb and the blind. Turin has also a great number of well managed charitable institutions, and a monte-di-pieth, which londa money to the poor without intereat upon pledge.
Turin is an archbishop's see, whose province extends over the sees of Alba, Acqui, Asti, Cuneo, Fossano, Mondovl, Ivrea, Pinerolo, Saluzzo, and Sues. The metropolitan diocese contains the chapters of Turin, Moncalieri, ltivoli, Chieri, Carmagnoln; Sandalmazzo, Gia veno, and Savigliano ; and the clerical seminaries, or colleges of Turin, Giaveno, Brit, and Chicri. The archbishop formerly had a court for ecclesiastical suits; but by recent legislation these institu tions have been suppressed in Piedmont, and the clergy made amenable to the common law tribunals of the country.
Turin contains a great number of churches, few of which are remarkable for their external architecture. The most worthy of notice are those of San Filippo Neri ; the Conaolata; the Corpus Domini, which is very richly decorated; Santa Teresa ; Santa Cristina ; La Trinith; and San Carlo Borromeo. There are numerous convcnta and nunneries ; but these by a recent law have been all suppressed, with the exception of those belonging to orders such as the Brothers of the Christian Schools, the Sisters of Charity, and a few others, whew inmate. am messes' In works of attire benevolence. In the suburb, a the right took of the Po, faciug the bridge, is the fine church Delis Oran Me'lre dl Dio, raised by the municipality of Tustin, In memory of the restoration of the dynasty of Savoy, In 1814. It is as Imitation of the Pantheon of Rome : It is eased with marble, and adorned with marble pillars. Higher up on the bill is the Capuchin church and couveot Del Monte, beautifully situated, and copying a &plastid view of the plain of Turin, the town, and the river, and of the crescent of the snow-capped Alps, from the lofty pi-rand-1 of Mont Via* on the west, to the picturesque group of Monte Ross on the north-east. On a higher bill on the same aids of the Po. but farther north, about 2000 feet above the sea, and 5 walla from Turin, Is the Royal Basilica of IA Superga (super tarp anontinm), containing the tombs of the princes of the house of Savoy. It it a handsome structure; it. lofty dome Is seen at a great distance, and is the first object that atrikes the traveller on approaching Turin. Every year, on the 8th of September, a groat festival takes place at Sups:me: high mass is performed, at which the court generally attends, and multitude. from Turin and the country around repair to the spot. A handsome Protestant church has been recently opened in Turin.
The manufactures of Turin consist chiefly of woollens, silks, hosier,, leather, paper, chinaware, carriages, arms, and tapestry. Turin has several theatres, besides the royal theatre already men tioned : the theatre of Cuignano, for the opera; the theatre d'An panes, for dramatic pieces unaccompanied by music ; and the new theatre. The coffee-house. of Turin are numerous. Besides the
buildings already mentioned may be named as worthy of notice the of Cerignano, the palace Birago di Borgaro, and that of the palace de Pri6. The royal country-house, called Vigna della Regina is a pretty villa finely situated on the hill on the right bank of the Po. The royal hunting palace and park of Stupinigi, 4 miles from Turin. are very fine ; the palace was begun by Giuvara, and enlarged by Alfieri, the architect. At La Veneria, once a royal residence, about 8 miles north of Turin, is the royal riding-school, stud, and veterinary college. The King of Sardinia has also palaces at lloncalieri, on the south aide of the Po, about 5 miles from Turin, and at Rived', 10 miles from the capital, on the high road to Sues and Mont Canis; beside. the royal palaces of Chambery and Genoa, which he uses when he visits those parts of his dominions.
Turin is connected by railways with Genoa, Aleasandria, Novara, I'ignerol, and Sues; and by electro-telegraphie wires with all the chief towns of Europe. Diligences and post-coaches, called velociferi, run between the capital and the provincial towns that do not lie on any of the railway lines. The common language of con versation among the natives is the harsh Piedmontese dialect ; but Italian le the written and official language, and educated people speak both Italian and French. The climate of Turin is colder in winter than that of Genoa or Rome.
The ancient Taurini were a tribe of the Ligurcs, who inhabited the country between the Po and the Cottian Alps. They were the first people whom Hannibal met after descending the Alps, and he took their town by force previous to advancing to the Ticinus. (Livy, xxi. 39.) They and the other Ligurians north of the Apennines were subdued by the Romans about n.c. 166. Augustus sent a Roman colony to the town of the Taurini, which then took the name of AI erste Taeriseaosr. Under the Longobards Turin was the bead town of a duchy : under the Carlovingians it gave name to a county of considerable extent and importance. In the 10th century Odelric Manfredi was count of Turin, as marquis of Italy. his daughter the marchionesa Adelaide married Oddo, count of 3Isurienne, and from this marriage the house of Savoy derives its origin. [Santo/us STATIM) During the war of the investitures Turin gained a kind of Independence, but In the early part of the 12th centnry the emperor Lotlaariue reduced it again to subjection ; and appointed a count for it political governor. The emperor Frederick I. made over, in 1159, to Charles, bishop of Turin, all his imperial rights over that town and the territory for ten miles round. The bishops and commune of Turin remained for about a century after this independent of, often at variance with, the counts of Savoy, who at last asserted again their enseraint7 over the town and the right of appointing its chief magis trate. From that time the history of Turin Is merged Into that of the dynasty of Savoy, whom permancut residence it became ultimately. [Sasmni)rtax STATICS.]