Pechewi is the author of a history of the period from the accession of Soliman I. (II.) to the year A.B. 1032 (A.n. 1622). ihiji Khalfdh, who died in A.u. 1068 (A.D. 1658), is the author of several excellent works on history and geography, which are written partly in Arabic, partly in Turkish. His Takwimuk Tewdrikh,' or ' Chronological Tables,' are classical. They were published at Constantinople by the printer IbriShim, in Am. 1146 (A D. 1733), and an Italian translation by Rinaldo Carli was published at Venice as early as 1697. Hicji Khalfah's Geography of Rum-ili and Bosnia has been translated into German by Von Hammer. From the time of Bayazid II., Turkish history has been written by imperial historiographers, a list of whom is contained in Hammer-Purgstall's Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches,' vol. viii., p. 591-92. The best of these historians are—Edris, or Idris (died in A.11. 930 ; A.D. 1523); Mustafa Jelal-ziide (died in A.u. 940; A.D. 1533); Sead-ed-din, who became Mufti (died in A.u. 1007; A.D. 1599); 'Abdi Pasha Nijdnji (died in A.11.1102 ; A.D. 1690); Naima (died in A.11.1128 ; A.D. 1715), whose history contains the period from A.11. 1000 till 1070 (A.D. 1592 till 1659); Rashid continued the history till A.u. 1134 (A.D. 1721) ; 'Asim, the continuator of Rashid, till A.u. 1141 (A.D. 1728) ; Subht continued it, till A.R. 1156 (A.D. 1743); Izi till A.R. 1163 (A.D. 1763) ; and Wassif till e.11.1188 (A.D. 1774). The annals of Naima were published at Constantinople in Am. 1147 (A.n. 1734) ; those of Rashid in A.u. 1153 (A.D. 1740); those of Subht in A.R. 1198 (A.D. 1784); those of Izi in the same year ; and those of 1Vassif in A.u. 1188 (A D.
1774); and afterwards in A.n. 1243 (A.D. 1827). The Annals of Wassif have been partly translated into French by M. Caussin de Pcrceval.
Among the numerous Turkish biographers, Latifi deserves particular mention. He wrote the lives of about two hundred Turkish poets, one hundred and two of which have been translated into German by Chabert (Ziirich, 1800, 8vo). A list of the works published in Turkish, at Constantinople, is contained in Hammer, cited above, vol. vii. p. 583-595 ; and a continuation of It, which goes down to the year A.D. 1830, in vol. viii., p. 518-523. The ' Wiener Jahrbficher ' contain a list of the Turkish works published since A.D. 1830.
Turkish literature has been enriched by numerous works on morals, divinity, and philosophy. Their philosophy, which originated from the famous school at Bokhara, has a mystical character, and resembles in many points the speculative doctrines of Schelling, especially with regard to pantheism. More than one Turkish sheikh has proclaimed the possibility of the identification of the soul with God, and the intellectual re-creation of the world; a doctrine which has likewise been professed by Hegel.
(Toderini, Letteratura Tarcha ; Hammer-Purgstall, Encycloptidische Uebersicht der Wissenschuften des Orients, and Geschichte der Osman ischcn Dichikunst, 4 vols. 8vo ; the Turkish Gramntars of Davids, of Jaubert, Df Hindoglu and of Barker ; and the Dictionaries of Kieffer, of Bianchi, and of Redhouse ; as well as the great Arabic, Persian and Turkish Dictionary of Meninski.)