Its effect on the vascular system is equally stimulant : Dr. Copland made many experiments on himself, when in health, and found that his pulse became more frequent, small, and contracted ; with feelings of intoxication, anxiety, shiverings, a sensation as if the intestines were drawn towards the vertebral column, unpleasant eructations, thirst, and &sharp hunger ; sensations which food caused gradually to subside, without vomiting or diarrhoea. Very large doses often pro, duce temporary intoxication, and aemetlines a kind of trance, lasting twenty-four hours, without any subsequent bad effect.
Implicit reliance is placed on oil of turpentine against the tape-worm. It is in general recommended to be given in large frequently-repeated doses, mixed with mucilage, syrup, and einnamen.water, and is thought to directly kill the worm, rather than deatroy • it by removing the means of its further nourishment. But this mode of administration is by no means so eligible as that of email doses (3j to 3ij) per diem for a continuance, a plan recommended by Vogt (' Pnarmaeodyn.; vol.• p. 163), and proved by Dr. Graves to be endue]; " Turpentine is of value in leading' to the expulsion of flukes (distomahepaticum [Worms ; also BOTRYLLIDX, in NAT. HIST. Div.] of sheep, or the rot), and is one of our most valuable anthelmintics." Professor Simonds' Report to the Royal Veterinary College, Dec. 14, 1860.
To chronic affections of the liver, obstructions from gall-stones, ese., if no inflammatory state be present or approaching, oil of turpentine with twice its weight of spirit. tether. sulphur. in the dose of from 10 to 20 drops, in yolk of egg, is often very useful; in melmna and obstructions of the liver, and vena porta, &c. It is most likely, from its action on the liver, that it proves serviceable in chronic) rhetimatism. In sciatica, Dr. Cheyne recommends it in email dose's. It is useful In atony of the inteitinesi,•lacteals, particularly' of old and phlegmatic people, especially of the lower orders. Even typhus fever, if there be a tympanitic state of the abdomen, is benefited by it, and Dr. Chap man has found it valuable in the yellow fever of Philadelphia. Dose'
from I to 2 drachina per diem. In cholera asiatica, with spirits of ammonia: In obstinate constipation, in large doses. In scarlet fever, whets the eruption does not come freely out, 10 to 60 drops in one to three tea-spoonsful of castor-oil. ' (Dr. Delany, of Georgic, U.S.) In chronic cramps, Convulsions, and epilepsy (with only temporary benefit): In stony of the kidneys and bladder. JO catarrhus vesieai, gleet, gonorriima, and leucorrhosa, it may often be advantageously initsstituted' for copaiba. In atonic) htemorrhages it is very useful. In puerperal peritonitis, applied externally, it is of great utility. Externally in barna, the lintmentum terebinthinas, or hot dressing, is, useful. In peritonitis with a tympanitic condition of the abdomen it is very excellent. The vapour of oil of turpentine can be used as an anms thetic, and as a substitute for chloroform.
Chian or Cyprus ?Turpentine, called also true turpentine, is obtaiucd from the Pistachio terebinthus, a native of Barbary, Syria, the south of, France, and, above all, of the Grecian Archipelago. Eight or ten ounces are the utmost obtained from one tree ; hence it is very dear. It is of the consistence of new honey, tenacious, pellucid, of a light yellowish-green colour. The odour is pentratieg and peculiar. It has a slightly bitter taste ; but when adulteiated with any of the coniferous' kinds, Its odour is strong. its taste acrid, and of a sensible degree of bitterness. It consists of a volatile oil and resin, and when by time the former is dissipated or oxidised, it beconaCs hard and translucent.
This article is scarce in & pure date, it being mixed largely with Venice turpentine, and indeed in many instances altogether supplanted by that article. It WAS greatly esteemed by Hippocrates ; and in the present day is chewed by the inhabitants of Turkey, Persia, &c., as mastic is, to sweeten the breath. But it likewise improves the digestion, having a very beneficial influence on the secretions of relaxed mucous membranes. Hence it is useful in chronic catarrh, both of the lungs and genitourinary organs. For the latter it is advantageously combined with sulphate of zinc.