TYROSIN (C„H„NO.). A colourless crystalline organic substance obtained along with Lsucnr, by the action of potash upon albumen, fibrin, casein, horn, hair, feathers, &e. It also exists ready formed in oochineal. It possesses neither acid nor alkaline properties.
is at one extremity of the series of vowel sounds, lying next to the U vowel o. In the Hebrew alphabet it does not appear, and was probably originally wanting in that of the Greek tongue. For the different forms of the letter see Atenaner.
1. The close connection between this vowel and the vowel o might be inferred from their relative position in the vocal gamut, and has been already the subject of remark under the article 0.
2. ' is interchangeable with the diphthongs oe or of in Latin. Thus curs, Ater, anus, manic', marus, often appear in the older dialects of that language as coira or coera, oitor or oetor, oenus (observe the sound at the beginning of the English word one), moinio or moento, moerus. Hence the verb tiro is probably connected with oestrum, and also with acatus, aestaa, as well as Vesta, Vesevus. In the same way foetus, foecundus, are formed from the old verb fuo, by the addition of the common suffixes tug and cundua, which are so often attached to verbs. Again the variation in the forms of Poeni and Punicus is an example of the same principle. It may be added, that all the words munus, muniro, communis, immunie, munia, mums, are connected both in form and meaning with the Greek words, such as 'sopa, denoting division.
3. u with an, as in the Latin forms claudo and elude, and the Latin mutt compared with the German mans, a mouse.
4. A short u with a. Thus those who represent the Arabic article in English characters are divided between al and uL 5. A short u with i. Thus the Greek tongue, or rather pen, prefers the syllable el where the Latin writes u/, particularly in the penult syllable : as 2tseaor, Siculus : compare also the cry iMAeAeu with the Latin ululare. The Germans again prefer c/. Hence the Latin tabula,
Tabula, appear in German as tad, label. The vowel u is also preferred by the Romans before n, if a d or I follow. Hence rediens has a genitive redeuntis, and faciundus is as common as faciendus.
6. A short u with I. See I., B. 2.
7. For the interchange of du with b and st, see B, D.
8. For the interchange of 1 with u, see L.
9. On not unfrequently results from on, particularly in the Greek language, as odors for odors ; Torroueri for narrows-I; and the accusative plural of the second declension, CILICOUS, is a corruption of OtKOVI, being formed from the singular OLKOY by the addition of the affix for plurality. Mr. Payne Knight appears to be wrong in inserting a digamrna in this form.
10. For the loss of an initial c before u, see C. In confirmation of what is there stated, it may be observed that uter appears in an inscription which is determined by its contents to belong to the Augustan rera, in the form cuter, at least neuter is written nattier. The copyists, scandalised at such a form, altered it into nec vero, to the utter annihilation of the sense, until Marini again restored the true reading of the stone.
11. The insertion of a y sound before u is not limited to an initial u, as in union, university; but occurs in the middle of words. Thus, in Norfolk "true " is sometimes pronounced "tryoo." It is probably in this way that the English have adopted the orthography ew in so many words, as new, few.
12. For the intimate connection of u with V and W, see those letters.