Gesner's specimen does not appear to have been engraved, nor another which was said to be in the convent of Augustins at (Eningen ; but a third specimen, more complete than Scheuchzer's, came into the possession of Dr. Ammann of Zii rich, and is now in the British :Museum. A figure of this was pub lished by Karg, in the 'Memoirs of the Society of Naturalists of Suabia.' Cuvier well observes that a comparison of the specimen with the skeleton of Man must at once have destroyed the idea that it was anthro polite ; and it would be a waste of space to repeat here the details of that comparison which Cuvier so well follows out, and to which we refer. ( Os semens Fosailes,' torn. v., pt. 2, p. 433, ed. 1824.) Karg, after figuring Dr. Amman's specimen, expressly stated that he had no doubt that the fossil was a Silurus, an opinion which Jager refuted by placing by the side, of the figure of the fossil, one of the skeleton of Silurus glanis.
Cuvier disposes of this opinion with the same success as attends his former demonstration.
The rounded head and great orbits of the fossil struck Cuvier as strongly resembling the head of a frog or a salamander; and he states that, as soon as he beheld Karg's figure, he perceived in the vestiges of the hind-feet and the tail evidence in favour of the last-named genus.
Cuvier, being at Haarlem in 1811, obtained permission to work upon the atone which contained the pretended anthropolite of Scheuchzer, for the purpose of uncovering any bones which might be still hidden there. During the operation, the figure of the skeleton of a salamander was placed before the operators • and Cuvier relates the pleasure which they felt, as they saw, while the chisel chipped away pieces of the stone, the bones which the figure had already announced.
But by far the finest head of Andrias Seheuchzeri is figured by Tschudi, in his work above quoted, tab. 3; and many moat interesting details are given in tab. 4 and tab. 5. These show how nearly allied this gigantic Fossil Newt was to Sieboldia maxima.
Salamandra ogygia, Goldf., is found in the Braunkohle (Ter tiary), where also Triton, Noa chicus, Goldf., occurs. Triton palustris (1) fossilie of Karg is from the (Eningen Slate.
Under the generic title Sala mandroides, Professor Tager described a fossil reptile from the German Keuper, giving it the specific name of giganteus.
This fossil now appears to be identical with Mastodonsaurus and Phytosaurus. Professor Owen therefore proposes to designate this gigantic genus of extinct Batrachians—for to that order he has satisfactorily shown that the form belongs—by the name of Labyrinthodon (? from the extraordinary structure of its teeth), in his paper 'On the Teeth of Species of the Genus Labyrinthod,onpfastodonsaurus, SalamandroidesandPhytosaurus (I) of Jager from the German Keuper and the Sandstone of Warwick and Leamington.' The following description, of the teeth of this animal, from the Proceedings of the Geolo gical Society,' will afford somo idea of the peculiarity of its structure :— "The plan and principle of the structure of the tooth of the Labyrinthodon are the same as those of the tooth of the lehthyoaaurus, but they are carried out to the highest degree of complication. The converging vertical folds of the external cement are continued close to the centre of the tooth, and instead of being straight simple lamellm, they present a series of irregular folds, in creasing in complexity as they proceed inwards, and re sembling the labyrinthic, en fractuosities of the surface of the brain ; each converging fold is slightly dilated at its termination close to the pulp cavity. The ordinary laws of
dental structure are however strictly adhered to, and every apace intercepted by a con volution of the folds of the cement is occupied by corre sponding processes of the den tine. These characters were presented by a transverse sec tion of a fragment of a tooth of the Labyrinthodon Jogeri from the German Keuper, which included about the middle third part of a tooth, and Mr. Owen considers that the entire length of the tooth might be 3{ inches, and the breadth at the basis 1 inch.
"The external longitudinal grooves, which correspond to the inflected folds of the cement, extend upwards from the base of the tooth to about three-fourths of its height, decreasing in number as the tooth diminishes in thickness, and disappearing about half an inch from the summit of the tooth. Each fold of cement penetrates less deeply as the groove approaches its termination ; and Mr. Owen conceives that the structure of the upper part of the Moth may be more simple than that of the lower, but he has not yet been able to extend his investigations to it.
" The dentine consists of a slender, central, conical column, or ' modiolua,' hollow for a certain distance from its base, and radiating outwards from its circumference a series of vertical plates, which divide into two, once or twice, before they terminate at the periphery of the tooth. Each of these diverging and dichotomizing vertical Plates gives off throughout its course narrower vertical plates, which stand at nearly right angles to the main plate, in relation to which they are generally opposite, but sometimes alternate. Many of tho moondtry plates which are given off near the centre of the tooth also divide into two before they terminate. They partake of all the undulations which chtracterine the inflected folds of the cement "The central pulp-cavity is reduced to a line, about the upper third of the tooth ; but fissures radiate frets it, corresponding in number with the radiating plates of the dentine. One of these fissures is continued along the middle of each plate, dividing where it divides, and penetrating each bifurcation and process; the main fissures extend to within a line or hilt a line of the periphery of the tooth ; the terminations of those, as well as the fissures of the lateral processes, suddenly dilating into subeircular, oval, or pyriform spaces. All these spaces constitute centres of radiation of the flue calcigerous tubes, which, with their uniting clear substance, constitute the dentine. The number of those calcigerous tubes, which are the centres of minor ramifications, defies all calculation. Their diameter is the of a line, with interspat-ce equal to 7 diameters of their cavities." 117 the permission of Professor Owen we are enabled to give s section of this highly complicated tooth, from his elaborate ' Odonto graphy (pL 61, A.), in which the subject is treated with minute detail ( part IL, p. 203, &c.).