The hospitals and other charitable institutions are numerous and well endowed. The General hospital, founded by Joseph II., is a very large building, containing 2000 beds. Connected with it is an admirably-maoaged lying-in hospital, and a foundling hospital There Is also a Innitio asylum. The institution for deaf-mutes was founded by Joseph 11.; the inmates are treated with parental care. The Hospital of the Charitable Brothers is open to the sick of all nations and religion.. The Invalid,' House, or Hospital, founded byJoseph accommodates 800 old soldiers.
The principal establishments for education are the following :-The University, founded by Duke Rudolph IV. and his brothers, with the consent of i'ope Urban IV., in 1365. It is famous as the first medical school In Germany, is attended by above 2000 students, and has 80 professors, • library of 120,000 volume., an observatory (the latitude And longitude of which are given in the previous column), a botanic garden, all anatomical theatre, a veterinary school, and a laboratory. The Josephluum, founded by Joseph II., is a medical institution for the instruction of surgeons for the army, with very rich collections. Other establishments worthy of notice are-the Imperial Oriental Academy ; the Academy of Engineers; the Academy of the Fine Arts; the Institution ; the Mineralogical Institute; the Normal School; the Polytechnic Institution ; anal many others.
Vienna, being the centre of the Austrian dominions, is likewise the principal seat of commerce and manufactures. Stearu.vesaels ply along the Danube, and to Constantinople, l'reblzond, and Smyrna, and other Mediterranean ports. Railways connect Vienna with Tricate (its great port on the Adriatic), with Pesth and other towns in the crownland of Hungary, with Prague, Dresden, Cracow, Warsaw, Breslau, Berlin, and all the important towns of North and Central Germany; and lines are in course of construction to extend its commu nication by railroads to Milan, Salzburg, Munich, and South-Western Germany. By electro-telegraphic wires Vienna has instantaneous communication with Constantinople, Paris, London, Milan, Berlin, and all the important towns in Europe. Manufactures of every kind are carried on in Vienna. The principal are-silk, velvet, shawls, gold and silver lace ; cottons, woollens, ribands, carpets, leather, por celain, jewellery, mathematical and musical iustruments, cannon and fire-arms, gold and silver plate, watches, fine cutlery, carriages, gloves, lace, straw-hats, paper, &c. The printing of large and accurate maps, and of books in various dialects of human speech, are greatly encouraged by the Austrian government.
The suburbs are not built on a regular plan, hut they have broad and straight etreets, many of which are of great length. They contain numerous palaces and gardens of the nobility, a great number of handsome private houses, several convents, and above 30 churches, of which we rosy instance the church of St. Charles Borromeo, perhaps the haudsomest ecclesiastical edifice in Vienna. Among the other buildings in the suburbs the following are most worthy of notice : The Imperial Mews, 600 feet in length, fitted up to receive 400 horses. The Belvedere Palace, which was built by Prince Eugene, and consists of two buildings, the Upper and Lower Belvedere, with a public garden on the space between. The Lower Belvedere, which stands at the foot of a gentle eminence, contains the celebrated Ambras collection of ancient armour, paintings, jewels, &c., removed from the castle of Ambras, in the Tyrol, in 1806, when that province was ceded to Bavaria. The Egyptian Museum is deposited in the same building. The Upper Belvedere, which crowns the eminence, contains the imperial gallery of paintings, consisting of nearly 1300 pictures, arranged according to schools. The palace of Prince Liechtenstein
contains a splendid gallery of 1200 pictures, a valuable collection of engravings, and many other works of art : attached to the palace is a tine garden. Prince Esterhazy's summer residence contains his splendid gallery of paintings, some fine sculptures, and a collection of 50,000 engravings. The beautiful palace of the Duke of Modena; that of Count ltasumewsky ; the Polytechnic Institution, with a very remarkable collection of many thousand specimens of the national manufactures; the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory, which occupies an entire street. Several of the public, institutions already noticed are in the suburbs.
Among other etructures In Vienna most be mentioned the bridges over the Danube, of which tho Ferdinand Bridge, opening upon tho Tabor-Stresse, in the northern suburb, opposite to the Itothethurm Gate, is considered a masterpiece of construction ; it consists of teu east-iron arches supported on stone piers. A chain-bridge was com pleted in November, 1849. Many additions Intro been made to the fortifications of Vienna since the troubles of 1848-49. On the left bank of the Danube is the great central railway station where the junction between the northern and southern railways takes place. The customhouse; the church and convent of the Sisters of Mercy; the Standehlus, or house of assembly fur the states of Lower Austria ; the new post-office; the several barracks; the new gate; the Weil burg and Schtinbrnn p deem ; the savings bank, Dittmann's-Ilaus, in the Prater ; the music hall, and the exchange, are also to be numbered among the fine structures in or near this illustrious capital The public promenades, which are the great places of resort for the citizens of Vienna, are the following :-The Baste, or ramparts of the old town, and the glacis, or esplanade between the city and the suburbs. That part of the Bastei is the most frequented which is near the im perial palaces, and communicates with the Volksgarteu (the people's garden), which was laid out and thrown open to the public by the emperor Francis. There are two handsome coffee-houses in this garden, and an edifice copied after the temple of Theseus at Athens, in which is placed the fine group of Theseus slaying the Minotaur, by Canova, the gardens of the palaces of Liechtenstein, Itasumowaky, Schwarzenberg, and the Belvedere, are also open to the public. The Prater, an immense park, in the Lcopoldstadt suburb, was opened to the public by the emperor Joseph II. in 1766. The Prater is a league and a half in length, and is traversed by mix noble avenues of chestnut trees, running in different directions, the principal one being 15,000 feet in length. This is divided into three parts; one for horsemen, oue for pedestrians, and the broad road between them for carriages. Beyond the avenues there are flue meadows, with groups of mag nificent trees, and large herds of deer. The Prater ie always crowded with company every Sunday in the spring : the grand day is Easter Monday, when there may be 20,000 pedestrians, and an uniuterrupted line of carriages two leagues in length. There arc many coffee-houses along the walks. The most characteristic part of the Prater however is the Warstel Prater, so called from the puppet-shows (Warstel-spiele) there exhibited. It is covered with innumerable liquor-shops, swinge, roundabouts, jugglers, and all sorts of diversions fur the lower classes. The whole Is like a great fair or encampment of antlers' booths; long rows of tables and benches are constantly supplied with guests. Adjoining the Prater is the Augarten, and next to that the BrigIttenau, which are very agreeable walks, but not so frequented as the Prater.