WURZBURG, a city in Bavaria, capital of the circle of Lower Franconia, is situated in 49° 45' N. lat., 56' E. long., in a beautiful valley on the Mayn (over which there is a bridge 200 yards long, adorned with twelve colossal statues of saints), and on the railway from Bamberg to Frankfurt, from which towns respectively it is distant 63 and 70 miles, and has 25,000 inhabitants. As Wiirzburg has been the see of a bishop since A.D. 741, and for many centuries the capital of an ecclesiastical principality, governed by a succession of above SO bidaope, who were princes of the empire, it contains a great number of handsome churches and other handsome public buildings. Of the chnrches the principal are, the cathedral, originally founded in the 8th century, but rebuilt subsequently to 1042, which contains many floe paintings, and a long series of monuments of the bishops, each bearing the sword in one hand and the crozier in the other ; the church of St. John im Hang, built on the model of St. Peter's at Rome ; the New Minster, containing the relics of St. Kilian, an Irish missionary, and the apostle of Franconia ; the 3Iarienkirche, an elegant edifice, built in the years 1377 to 1479, in the' German pointed style, with lofty lancet windows : and the University church, with an observatory on its lofty tower. The most remarkable of the secular buildings are, the royal, formerly the episcopal, palace; it was built by two bishops of the name of SchOuborn, 1720-1744, in imitation of the palace of Versailles, is 270 feet long, 60 feet high, and forms a paral lelogram with two projecting wings : the Julian hospital, a very large, wealthy, and admirably arranged institution : the town-hall: the university, which has a clinical establishment, an anatomical museum, a library of 100,000 volumes and 1000 manuscripts, &c.: and the
citadel, situated on the Fraaenberg, or Marienberg, a hill 400 feet high above the left bank of the Mayn. Besides the university, Wiirzburg has a gymnasium, a seminary for priests and schoolmasters, a veteri nary school, a polytechnic institution, a school of industry, a school of music, schools for the blind, for midwifery, &c.: it has also four hospitals, besides the Julian hospital already mentioned ; and a syna gogue. The manufactures comprise woollen-cloth, tobacco, pipes, leather, paper, surgical and mathematical instruments, &c. BOats are built, and there is an active river trade in wine and other agricultural produce. Steamers ply daily on the Mayn to Frankfurt. Wiirzburg is the residence of a bishop and chapter, and the seat of the law courts and public offices connected with the administration of tho province. The territory of the prince-bishops was secularised in 1803 and given to the archduke of Tuscany. In 1815 it was united to Bavaria.