YIELD. The manufactures of the North and East Ridings are of comparatieely email importance, and even the mineral prodnetione of the county, consisting of freestone, limestone, coal, iron, copper, and lead, are most extensively found in the West Riding. At Wickersley, 4 milee B from Rotherham, several thousands of grindstones, some of them as much as 6 feet in diameter, and suitable for the finer descriptions of cutlery, are made annually for the use of the Sheffield manufacturera. The ooal, which forms an important source of the mannfacturiog prosperity of the district, is found chiefly in the vicinity of Leeds, Sheffield, Bradford, and NVekefield. The coal of the Silkstone and Barnsley district has been, since the opening of the Great Northern railway, brought to London in large quantities. There has also been a great increase in the shipment of coals from the Yorkshire aide of Teeemouth, where Itedcar and Middlesborough are becoming important places. Ahem-works have been carried on in the county, ever since the time of Queen Elizabeth, first at Guiaborough, and more recently at Whitby.
The manufacturing district of the West Riding extends from north to south abort 40 miles, has a mean width of about 20 mUse, and includes en area of about 800 square miles, comprising the hardware as well as the clothing district The clothing district commences below the part of the county which bears the name of Craven, and extends over the tract which comprise. the town, of Leeds, Bradford, Ilalifex, Huddersfield, and Wakefield. In the several articles on those towns will be found partioulars of the respective branches of which they may be considered the centres. The principal varieties of woollen broadcloth are clamed under the coloured or 'mixed-cloths,' which are wholly made of dyed wool, and the white broadcloths. Halifax product the finest kinds of stuff goods as well as a fair proportion of all other kind& Bradford le now the great centre of wools, staffs, and merino« The chief district for blanket. and flushing? lies between Leeds and Huddersfield. Worstedepinnine 11 largely practised at Bradford. In and near Huddersfield are made narrow cloths; and Saddleworth prodoces kerseymeres and broadcloths nearly equal to those of the wait of England. Wakefield d. chiefly celebrated for its wool-fairs and the skill of Its cloth dyers. From the nature of its manufactures, consisting of baize., flannels, k.rseye, and broadcloths, Rochdale may, though situated In Lancashire, be considered to belong to the woollen district of Yorkshire.
The business connected with the eloth-trads is chiefly transacted in the great oloth-halls in the respective towns, but much cloth is produced and sold without laming through the halls.
Formerly the greater proportion of the woollen goods produced in Yorkshire cemented of the ooerser kind, of cloth: but the manufacture has been so greatly Improved that Yorkshire cloths are no longer looked upon as Inferior to those of other districts. while the finer qualsties of cloth made in the W«t Biding ere excellent The intro duction of llama and alpaca wools has opened new and important bourC114 of industry in the manufacture. At about a mile from Shipley, on the road to Bitgley, la &Rains, the largest spinning and weaving establishment perhspa in the world, employing about 4000 workmen.
It belays. to Mr. Titus Salt, who carries on at Bradford a very exten sive manufacture of stuff and alpaca goods. The Saitaire mill affords all the advantages of concentration. On the same estate a complete town hae been built to accommodate tho workpeople and their families. There are a road, a riv.r, a canal, and a railway, all passing through the estate ; sod ties bridges over the Alre.
Psessiona, vevzaI, ke,—York,hiams is divided into three Ridings—a division now peculiar to this county, but which at the Domesday Survey obtained also in Lineolnshire. In its present form the term
ithliag is a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon name of the divisions or thrieling,' and the division of the county Into thirds or trithinge le generally uoribed to the Saxon.; but Worsaae, perhaps fancifully, attribute. It to the Dann, suggesting that the term com pletely answers both In sound and meaning to the Scandinavian division of seeennty or district Into third, or 'Tredinger.' Several of the old feudal division., of Yorkshire, though no longer possessed of a legally ressogniftel boundary, are still popularly known and their names used for many purpose« Cleveland, Craven, Holdernese, and Richmond, either give, or have given, titles to some of our noble families. Holder Inas ha. riven its name to a valuable breed of cattle; and the Cleveland bay is the origin of our best kind of coach-horses ; and while no such districts as Cleveland or Craven appear on our maps, they are used as distinguishing appellations in Shipton in Craven, Kirkby iu Cleve land, &c. It may be worth while therefore to describe briefly the localities indicated by these names. Cleveland is in the North Riding, and forms now the two wapentakes of the east and west division of Langbaurgh, extending along the coast from the mouth of the Tees to near Whitby, and inland to the moors of the wapentake of Ryedale, including 37 parishes. Craven occupies somewhat more than what now forms the wapentake of Staincliff, and with the wapentake of Erecross, a former member of Craven, forms the north-west portion of the Weet Riding. The Ribble, the Wharfe, the Aire, and the Nidd, all rise within it. Craven contains 26 parishes. Hallamsleire, in the West Riding, appears to have been a large manor at the time of the Conquest The Domesday Book states that " Helium, one manor, with its 16 hamlets," was held by Earl Waltheof; but Sheffield, which is now part of Hallamshire, is not mentioned. It is wholly in the West Riding, but the boundaries are not very well defined. Holderness is yet a seigniory, a liberty, a manor, and a wapentake, in three divisions of the East Riding. It occupies the coast east of the river Hull and of the Humber, after the Hull falls into it, from Bridlington Bay to Spurn Head. Richniondshire occupies the whole western portion of the North Riding, from a line running nearly straight from Yarm to Boroughbridge. It was erected into an earldom by the Couqueror in favour of a follower and kinsman, Alan, a eon of the Duke of Brittany. It contains the wapentakes of East and West Ming, Hang, and East and West Hallikeld.
The legal derision of Yorkshire is into the East Ridiug, North Riding, and Weet Riding. The East Riding is divided into the wapentakea of Buckrose, Dickering, Harthill. Holdemeas, Howdenshire, and Ouse end Derwent The North Riding is divided into the wapentakes of Allertonshire, Birdforth, Bulmer, East Gilling, West Gilliug, Hallikeld, East Hang, West Hang, Pickering Lytho, Ryedale, Yarm, and the liberties of Langbaurgh and Whitby Strand. The West Riding is divided Into the wapentakes of Agbrigg, Ainsty, Barkstone Ash, Clero, Morley, Osgolderoas, Sky rack, Staiucliff aud Eweross, Staincross, Strafforth and Tiekhill, and the liberty of Ripou. The Ainsty of the city of York has been annexed to the West Riding as a wapentake; though for electoral purposes it is joined with the North Riding.
The following places are described in separate articles :—ALD Bowmen, AtamerDETIRT, BAINBRIDGE, BARNSLEY, BARWICK, BAWTRY, liznote, BaveRLgT, NORTH BIERLEY, BINOLEY, BOROUGFILIRIDGE, BRADFOaD, BRIDLINGTON, CARLTON, DEWSEITIRT, DONCASTER, GREAT DRIFFIELD, EASINGWOLD, GOOLE, GUISBOROTIGII, HALIFAX, HARRO