Other streams which rise in this county,.but soon cross the boundary into the adjacent counties, are of little importance; the chief aro :— the Blythe, which rises to the oast of Rotherham, flows westward into Lincolnshire, and there joins the Idle ; the Tame, a tributary of the Mersey, which leaves Yorkshire at its junction with Cheshire and Lancashire; the Wenning, a tributary of the Lune of Westmorland and Lancashire, which rises north-west of Settle, and flows westward into Lancashire; the Greta, being a second rivulet of that name, which rises at two points near Wharnside, the streams from the two sources flowing southward toward lugleton, where they unite, and turn west ward across the county boundary to the Lune, a short distance north of the Weuning; the Dee, which rises north-east of Wharnside, flows west-by-north along Dcntdale to Sedbereb, beyond which place it turns west-by-south, and, after forming the county boundary for a abort dis tance, enters the Lune in Westmorland; and the Bother, the second river in the county of that name, which rises on the north-west boundary, near the sources of the Eden, flows first north-west along the boundary of Westmorland, and then turns southward by the Calf and Cautley Crags and the hill called Serker to Sedbergh, where it receives a stream which flows westward through Garsdale, and below which place it joins the Dee.
Canals.—The North Riding of Yorkshire is almost entirely destitute of either artificial canals or navigable rivers, and the canals of the East Riding are few and unimportant; but the West Riding is peculiarly rich in this species of communication, while the exceedingly difficult character of the country through which the principal canals are con ducted has rendered necessary the construction of eugiueeriog works of astonishing boldness and magnitude, in order to effect navigable communications between the eastern and western sides of the island, across the central mountain chain on the Lancashire side of this county. Of the formidable nature of the difficulties to be overcome some idea may be formed from an examination of the section given by Priestley of the inland navigation between the ports of Liverpool, Goole, and Hull, by the river Mersey, the Duke of Bridgewater'a and Rochdale canals, the Calder and Hebble and Aire and Caller naviga tions, and the rivers Ouse and Humber, a distance of 158i miles by that route. Commencing along the tideway of the Mersey, the level is suddenly raised by locks at Runcorn to an elevation of about 90 feet above the level of the Mersey at Liverpool. The next material
rise takes place beyond Manchester, on the Rochdale Canal, which, in a distance of 17 or 18 miles, rises to the summit-level near Stansfield, at an elevation of 600 feet above low-water mark on the Mersey at Liverpool, or 610: feet above the sea at low water. From this point, which is about 60 miles by the navigation from Liverpool, and a very short distance west of the western boundary of Yorkshire, the level of the canal falls very suddenly to Todmorden, and after entering Yorkshire continues to descend, until, at the junction with the Calder and Hobble Navigation, about 73 miles from Liverpool, the elevation is only about 250 feet. From this point the descent, though far less rapid, continues considerable until arriving at the junction of the Calder and Hebble and Aire and Calder navigations at Wakefield, while the total fall in the remaining distance of about 62 miles to Hull is only about 70 feet. Other lines of water-communication from the Irish Sea to the German Ocean are formed by the more circuitous route of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal with the Aire and Calder Navigation, and by the more direct cut of the Ashton-under-Lyue and Huddersfield canals, which communicate with the Calder and Hebble Navigation through Sir John Ramsdeu's Canal. Fur convenience of reference, we notice the principal canals of Yorkshire in alphabetical order.
The Aire and Calder Navigation has been sufficiently noticed in the article CALDER, and in a previous part of this article. The Barnsley Canal commences in the Calder, a little below Wakefield Bridge and the junction of the Calder and Hebble Navigation, and proceeds south ward For about 10 miles. It then turns and after crossing the river Dearne by a atone aqueduct and forming a junction with the Dcarne and Dove Canal, passes Barnsley and extends to Barnby Basin, in the township of Cawthorne, where it communicates with a railway from the Silkatone collieries. Its total length is 154. miles. Beverley Beck is a short canal, or creek, connecting Beverley with the river Hull. The Bradford Canal is a cut of about 3 miles from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal southward to the town of Bradford. It is very useful for exporting paving-stone, coal, and iron.
The Calder and Hebble Navigation, a considerable portion of which conaists of artificial cuts, is noticed under the river CALDER. The Chesterfield Cana], which belongs chiefly to NOTTINOUAMSUIRE and