Climate and Productions.—The summers are exceedingly hot and the winters very cold; but the climate ie healthy, except in the marshes, where bilious fevers prevail, and mosquitoes swarm during the warmer menthe. The waters are abundantly supplied with fish. The mineral productions are iron, copper, lead, silver, rock-salt, and bitumen. Gold is found in the sands of several of the feeders of the Danube. Wallachia produces abundantly wheat, barley, rye, hemp, tobacco, maize, &c. The vine grows well, and the produce is excellent, and would be equal to the best Hungarian wines if the inhabitants had more skill. The French berry (Rharnnur infectorius) grows in many districts, and is exported chiefly to Transylvania, where it is used for dyeing. Sheep are very numerous in Wallachia, and a great quantity of excellent wool is exported. Cattle also are very numerous. There is abund ance of game of every description. There is plenty of timber, but it rots in the forests. Only the third part of the country is cultivated. The navigation of the Danube by steamers puts Wallachia in com munication with Vienna and Constantinople. Several foreign merchants reside at Bukhareat, the capital, and at Brailow, the principal Walla chian port on the Lower Danube.
Gorernment.—The government Is in every respect like that of Molda via, from which country the political history of Wallachia is iuscparnble. In the article MOLDAVIA reference was made to the present article with a view to supply some further information respecting the history of the countries, subsequent to their evacuation by the Russians, in the summer of 1854. Bat, with the exception of the return of the princes Stirbey and Ghikn to Wallachia and Moldavia respectively, and the continued military occupation of both principalities by Austria, no events worth noticing have occurred. Wallachia is divided into 18 districts, administered by officers calla leprovnika Ten of these, districts are in the mountainous and hilly parts of the country ; eight in the plain and low country along the Danube. The following table gives the districts, with the population and chief town of each:— Towne.—Bukharest, the capital, is described in a separate artlole. [Buttnaltesr.) Tergorist, or more correctly Turgurki, N.W. of Bukha rest, was the capital of Wallachia till 169S, when the seat of govern ment was transferred to Bukharest. Tergovist is situated on the Jalonitza, and contains abunt 5000 inhabitants; the whole place is covered with ruins of houses and palaces, which were abandoned by the nobility after 1698. The road from Bukharest to Kronatadt in Transylvania, leads through Tergoviat. Giurgrro, on the Danube, is
noticed under Rumurg. Arjish, ou the Arjish River, towards its source, lies on the road from Bukharest to the pass of Rothenthurnt and Hermannetadt. There is a beautiful church in this thriving little town, which is said to be the finest in Wallachia.. /z/as is a small but busy town, a little west of the junction of the Aluta .with the Danube. Krajora, a fine town with about 8000 inhabitants, has con siderable commerce : it is situated on the Schyl, in the centre of Little or the western part of Wallachia, between the Aluta us in the cast, and Hungary and the Danube on the weet. This district was the scene of the early struggle between the Turks and Russian+, at the commencement of the war in 1854. Krajova is the capital of Little Wallachia. To the south.weat of Krajova opposite Widin is Kalafat, which was occupied and defended by the Turks against the Russians with great bravery. (WIntel Not far from it is allate, where the Turks defeated the Russians with great loss, January 6,1854. Bratloto, or //trait, on the Danube, 10 miles S. from tho junction of the Sereth with the Danube, in the north-eastern corner of \Pllachia, forms the subject of a separate article. (InaaiL.] 'brutal, lies W. of Brailow In its vicinity is Okna.Mare, where there are rich mines of rock-salt. The great read front YR sy to Rukberest leads through Lotrinik.
Fuldsee, or Fekets, Is partly in Moldavia: population, 23,000. (Mousavta, vol. Id, col. 8361 /sAatiuues.—The majority of the inhabitants aro Wallachians, beech' whom there is a consideritbls number of gipaies, and some Jews, Armenian*, and Greeks. Besides the Walled's of Wallachia, there are many of the same people spread over Moldavia, south-western Russia. Transylvania, Hungary, the Bukowina, Thrace, Macedonia, Thawly, and 'Epirus. As the Wallacbinn larguago is derived from the Latin, it is generally aupposcd that the Wallachians are descend ants of the Roman colonies sent by Trajan into Dacia; and to this day they call themselves no other name than Romani, Rumani, or Remains The name I1'RIIRCI1R, which is given to tho inhabitants of I Wall:whizz by foreigners, belonged to some people in Thrace, Macedonia,' and Themesly, as we know from the Byzantine historians, who fre quently mention the \itchi (Isszzlxod, who lived chiefly iu the country round Monot Phallus In the 12th century a part of the Vlachi, who were oppreased by the emperor Manuel, concluded an alliance with the Bulgarians and the Cumani, who inhabited Bulgaria and Dacia, and, commanded by two brothers, Asan and Peter, left Thrace and settled north of the Danube.