-MATHEMATICS. The science which teaches or treats of whatever is capable of be ing numbered or measured, and is divided into arithmetic, or that branch which has numbers for its object, and geometry, which treats of magnitude. It is also distinguished into Pure Mathematics, which consider quantities ab stractedly, and without any relation to matter, and Mixed Mathematics, which treat of the properties of quantity as applied to material or sensible objects, and interwoven with physical considerations, as astronomy, geography, nen vigation, mechanics, surveying, architecture, &c.
The following list of the writers who have distinguished themselves in the different branches of the mathematical science, will furnish the best historical view of mathematics in general.
B. G.
722 Confucius, the Chinese philosopher. 600 Thales, a Greek astmomer.
Anaximander, an inventor of globes. 500 Cleostratus, an astronomer.
Anaxagoras, a philosopher.
Anainmmes, a diallist Pythagoras, an astronomer and geome trician.
400 Plato, a geometrician.
Euctenson an astronomer.
Meton, the inventor of the Metonic cycle. Hippocrates, a geometrician.
Oenopides, a geometrician.
Zenodorus, a geometrician.
300 Aristotle, a philosopher.
Calippus, an astronomer and inventor of the Calyppic period: Dionocrates, an architect. Theophrastus, a philosopher. Xenocrates, a philosopher.
Eudora.% an astronomer and geometri cian.
Pytheas, an astronomer.
Archytas, a philosopher.
Aristzus, a geometrician.
Denostratus, a geometrician. Menechmus, a geometrician.
200 Apollonius, a geometrician, author of the Conic Sections.
Archimedes, a geometrician, and invent or of machines.
Aristarchus, an astronomer.
Erasthones, a mathematician.
Euclid, a geometrician, author of the Elements.
Aratus, an astronomer and poet Aristillus, an astronomer.
Nicomedes, a geometrician, the inventor of the conchoid.
100 Hipparchus, an astronomer, numbered the stars.
Ctesibius invented water pumps.
Hero invented the clepsydra and a foun tain.
D.
Cleomedes, a Roman astronomer.
Geminus, an astronomer of Rhodes. Manillas, astronomer and poet.
Manlius, an astronomer. ' Vitruvius, an architect.
Julius Costar, the reformer of the calen dar.
Sosigenes, an Egyptian astronomer. Menelaus, a writer on spherical trip nonietry.
Possidanius, a mathematician.
A. D.
Theodcaius, a writer on spheres.
JarnbNelms, a Syrian philosopher.
100 Nicomachus, a Greek mathematician. Seams Frontinus, an engineer.
Ptolemy, an Egyptian astronomer, and geographer, author of the Almagist. Hypsicles, a Greek mathematician.
200 Diophantus, a Greek afgebraist.
300 Jamblichus, a Syrian philosopher. Jappus, a Greek commentator on Apol. towns, Etc.
Theon, a Greek commentator on Ptole my, ttc.
400 Hypatia, daughter of Theo; a cotmnen tato. on Diophantus.
Proclus, a Greek commentator on Euclid.
Diodes, a Greek geometrician, disco verer of the cissoal.
Serenu.s, a Greek geometrician.
GOO Marinas, a geometrician of Naples. Arithemius, an architect.
Eutocius, a Greek geometrician. Isodorus, an architect.
600 The Venerable Bede, an English monk and philosopher.
700 Almansor the Victorious, an astronomer. Hero the Younger, a Greek geometri cian.
800 Al Maimon the Caliph, an astronomer. Al Raschid, a Persian astronomer. Alfragan, an Arabian astronomer. Albategni, an Arabian astronomer.
900 Pope Silvester 11., a mathematician.
1000 Ibn Ionis, an Arabian astronomer. Geber Ben Alpha, an Arabian commen tator on Ptolemy's Almagest.
1100 Alltazen, an Arabian optician and as tronomer.
1200 Leonard de Pisa, an Italian, and the first European algebraist.
Nassir Eddin, a Persian astronomer. Alphonsus, king of Castile, an astrono mer, and author of the Alphonsine tables.
John Halifax, or Sacroboseo, an English mathematician.
Jordanns Neomcs-arius, an arithmeti cian.
Roger Bacon, an English philosopher. Campanus, an astronomer.
Vitellio, an optician.
1300 Albano, an Italian mathematician.
Ascot', an Italian mathematician.