Location of industries.—The requirements of labor and transportation facilities led to the concentration of manu facturing in large cities. Chicago, with 3S.S per cent of the population of the state in 1010, did 66.8 per cent of the manu facturing; 31 other cities having a population of 10,000 or over contained 13.5 per cent of the population and did 16.3 per cent of the manufacturing. The 112 smaller cities and villages of 2,500 or more inhabitants contained 9.3 per cent of the population of the state. These and still smaller places did 16.9 per cent of the manufacturing of the state.
In 1914 the number of cities having a population of 10,000 or more as estimated by the Census Bureau had increased to 36. The four cities added to the list were Centralia, Granite City, Kewanee, and Pekin. The census reports of 1914, however, could not include statistics for Cicero without dis closing individual operations, and thus the reports were made in detail for 35 cities. These 35 cities contained 55 per cent of the estimated population of the state in 1914 and reported 82 per cent of the value of the manufactured products of the state.
The table on page 223 shows the relative importance of these 35 cities in manufacturing. The list is arranged in order of the value of the product.
The more important industries of these 35 cities arc here shown in detail. The manufacture of distilled and malt liquors is now prohibited by national law.
1. Chicago: All the 25 leading industries mentioned on the graph, page 220, arc largely developed in Chicago.
2. Peoria: (Distilled liquors); meat-packing; agricultural implements; paper and wood pulp; (malt liquors); cooperage.
3. Joliet: Steel works; rolling mills and blast furnaces; coke; wire.
4. East St. Louis: Flour-mill and grist-mill products; chemicals; meat-packing; rolling mills; foundry and machine shops; paints; railroad repair shops.
5. Rockford: Furniture; knitting mills; foundry and machine shops; agricultural implements; pianos; carriages and wagons; saddlery.
G. Moline: Agricultural implements; automobiles; car riages and wagons.
7. Granite City: Rolling mills; glucose; babbitt metal and solder; stamped and enameled ware; tin plate.
S. Chicago IIeights: Steel works and rolling mills; foundry and machine-shop products; railroad car shops; chemicals.
9. Alton: Flour mills; glass factories; meat-packing.
10. Waukegan: Rolling mills; preparation of food prod ucts; leather.
11. Decatur: Railroad repair shop; plumbers' supplies; starch.
12. Springfield: Flour mills; boots and shoes; watches; zinc-smelting; agricultural implements; electrical machinery.
13. Aurora: Railroad repair shops; foundry and machine shops; corsets; builders' hardware.
14. Elgin: Watches; condensed milk.
15. Pekin: (Distilled liquors); glucose and starch; cooper age.
16. Quincy: Stoves and furnaces; (malt liquors); patent medicines; foundry and machine shops.
17. Freeport: Patent medicines; carriages and wagons; windmills; gas and gasoline engines.
18. Rock Island: Agricultural implements; lumber and planing-mill products.
19. Belleville: Stoves and furnaces; flour-mill and grist mill products; (malt liquors); steam fittings.
20. Kewanee: Foundry and machine shops.
21. Danville: Cars and general shop construction; rail road repair shops.
22. La Salle: Zinc-smelting; cement.
23. Bloomington: Cars and general shop construction; railroad repair shops.
24. Cairo: Lumber and timber products.
25. Evanston: Iron and steel; wrought pipe.
26. Streator: Glass.
27. Kankakee: Cotton goods; hosiery and knit goods. 2S. Galesburg: Cars and general shop construction; rail road repair shops; foundry and machine shops.
29. Canton: Agricultural implements.
30. Jacksonville: Meat-packing; men's clothing; struc tural iron-work.
31. Oak Park: Gas, illuminating and heating.
32. Mattoon: Cars and general shop construction; rail road repair shops.
33. Champaign: Printing and publishing; gas, illuminat ing and heating.
34. Centralia: Envelopes.
35. Lincoln: Undertakers' goods.
An examination of this list in connection with the list of cities arranged in order of population, page 311, reveals the fact that the importance of a city as a manufacturing center does not necessarily correspond to its population. Granite City, a strictly industrial center, ranks seventh in the value of manufactures and twenty-sixth in population; Oak Park, a residential suburb of Chicago, ranks thirty-first in value of manufactures and sixteenth in population; Moline ranks sixth in manufactures and fifteenth in popu lation; Pekin ranks ninth in manufactures and thirty-sixth in population.
While Chicago, be cause of its large popu lation and its great commercial interests, is predominant in most industries of the state it holds especially high rank in certain local ized industries. Thus, in 1914, Chicago manu factured 99.2 per cent of the soap of the state, 94.6 per cent of the men's clothing; 93.1 per cent of the paint and varnish, 92.6 per cent of the confectionery, and did S4 per cent of the meat-packing.
When large railroad repair shops arc located in cities of moderate size, as at Decatur, Au rora, Danville, Bloom ington, Galesburg, and Mattoon, they become at once the leading manufacturing industry of the city.
Fuel and The factories of Illinois used as fuel in 1914, 14,500,000 tons of bituminous coal, 219,000 tons of anthracite coal, 2,600,000 tons of coke, 4,000,000 barrels of oil and gasoline, and 1,800,000 cubic feet of gas. Anthracite coal was used more largely in the smelting and refining of zinc than in any other industry. More bitumi nous coal was used in the manufacture of coke than in any other single industry. The coke was used especially in blast furnaces in the making of iron.
Illinois developed 1,300,000 primary horse power for operating the manufacturing establish ments in 1914. Chicago used for manufacturing purposes 94,000 tons of anthracite coal, 5,200,000 tons of bituminous coal, nearly 2,000,000 tons of coke, and developed 6S1,000 primary horse-power. Joliet used 950,000 tons of bituminous coal and 580,000 tons of coke. Peoria used 422,000 tons of bituminous coal and East St. Louis 385,000 tons.
Summary.—The geo graphic location of Illi nois is exceptionally favorable for obtaining the raw materials of manufacture and for dis tributing the finished product. The abun dant coal reserves assure a great future industrial development. The ex cellent railway lines, leading to distant regions, bring the factories of Illinois into direct connection with all parts of the country.