Kerosene without Soap.—Kerosene and water, reduced as above, may be used instead of the emulsion with soap. This requires a pump with a kerosene attachment. Select for spraying a clear, windy day, so that the surplus mixture will evaporate rapidly.
Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate.— This mixture is cheap, but is not quite as good as the Bordeaux mix ture. It is not much used except on fruit that is nearly ripe and on flow ering plants, when it is preferred, be cause the Bordeaux mixture would stain them. This is a clear solution and leaves no stains. The formula is as follows: copper carbonate, 5 ounces; ammonia (26 per cent Beaume), 3 pints; water, 45 gallons.
Mix the copper carbonate with a little water into a paste. Mix the ammonia with 7 or 8 times its amount of water. Put the paste into the diluted ammonia and stir until dissolved. Add enough water to make 45 gallons. When it has set tled, use only the clear blue liquid.
Copper Sulphate Solution. — The same chemicals are used here as in the Bordeaux mixture. The formula is: copper sulphate, 1 pound; water, 15 to 25 gallons.
Dissolve the copper sulphate in the water and it is ready for use. For peaches and nectarines, use the weak er solution. This must never be ap plied to foliage, but must be used in winter and spring before the buds open. A very much weaker solution —1 pound to 250 gallons of water— can be used for trees in leaf in place of the ammoniacal copper carbonate.
This solution may be combined with arsenical insecticides.
Potassium Sulphide.—This is ex pensive and is chiefly used for treat ing seed grain for smut. The for mula is: potassium sulphide, 1/ pounds; water, 25 gallons. For spraying, use / ounce to 1 gallon of water. This is a very powerful germ killer.
Corrosive Sublimate.—This is used on seed potatoes to prevent scab. The proper formula is: corrosive sublimate, 1 ounce; water, 7 gallons. This is also a disinfectant. It is very poisonous and corrodes metals.
I'm-math?, or Formaldehyde.—This is naturally a gas, but is sold com mercially in the form of a 40 per cent solution in water. It is not a poison, but the fumes are irritating to breathe. It is the best fungicide
for prevention of smut in grain and scab in potatoes. For seed potatoes the formula is: formalin, I pint; water, 15 gallons. Immerse the po-/ tatoes for 2 hours in this solution.
The formula for seed wheat or oats is: formalin, 1 pound; water, 50 gallons. Immerse the seed for the same length of time.
Sulphur.—This is useful in pre venting mildew on plants. Sprinkle dry powdered sulphur over the plants, or spray with the following solution: sulphur, 1 pound; water, 5 gallons.
The fumes of burning sulphur are powerful as a disinfectant, fungicide, and insecticide, but they kill the plants as well. Hence sulphur must not be burned in hotbeds or green houses.
Paris Green.—The active principle of this well-known insecticide is ar senic. It should be of a bright-green color, and should be bought of a re liable dealer, because it is often adulterated. The formula varies in strength according to the use intend ed. A general formula would be: Paris green, 1 pound; water, 100 to 250 gallons.
For fruit trees, add 1 pound of quicklime to prevent injury to the foliage. Paris green and Bordeaux mixture can be applied together with perfect safety, so as to spray for in sects and fungous diseases at the same time. Add 4 to 12 ounces of Paris green to 50 gallons of Bor deaux mixture. This will kill all chewing insects.
Paris green may be dusted on foliage in a dry condition. The for mula is: Paris green, 1 part; flour, dust, or ashes, 10 to 20 parts.
The proper solution for potato bugs is Paris green, 1 pound; water, 100 gallons.
For peaches and other tender leaved plants, use Paris green, 1 pound; water, 200 gallons.
London Purple.—This contains ar senite of lime and may be dusted on plants dry, the same as Paris green. When used in solution, the proper formula is: London purple, 1 pound; water, 200 gallons.
This is more liable to cause in jury than Paris green, and the latter is to be preferred.
Paragrene and Green Arsenoid.— These are patented preparations, and when of good quality are per haps as effective as Paris green. They are said to require less mix ing.