Tints and Shades. — The various combinations of colors to produce tints and shades are innumerable, and can only be determined by experi ment; but the following are the prin cipal effects commonly desired, and indicate the lines along which the ex periment should proceed.
Pigments should be thinned with boiled linseed oil before mixing, the most predominant color being taken as a base, the other colors being slow ly added in a thin stream and stirred vigorously. The proportions must be determined by experiment and the taste of the painter. The predom inant color stands first in the follow ing list: Ash color or gray, white lead and lampblack. Vary the quantity of lampblack to give the shade desired.
Lead color, white lead and indigo.
Drab, white lead, raw and burnt umber.
White oak, white lead and umber. Flesh color, white lead, lake, or yel low ocher, or vermilion.
Pearl, white lead, black, and blue.
Buff, white lead and yellow ocher. Straw color, white lead and a small amount of yellow ocher.
Fawn, white lead, yellow ocher, and red.
Chestnut, red, black, and yellow.
Walnut, white lead and burnt um ber. Vein with the same, and touch the deepest spots with black.
Light willow green, white lead and verdigris.
Pea green, white lead and chrome green.
Grass green, yellow ocher and ver digris.
Olive, yellow ocher, blue, black, and white. Vein with burnt umber.
Bronze green, chrome green, black, and yellow.
Orange, yellow and red.
Brick color, red lead, yellow ocher, and white lead.
Brown, vermilion, black, and a lit tle yellow.
Chocolate, raw umber, red, and black.
Violet, rcd lead, Prussian blue, and white lead.
Purple, same as violet, with more red and white.
Gold, white lead, stone ocher, and red lead.
Carnation, lake and pink.
Timber color, spruce ocher, white lead, and a little umber.
Chestnut color, red ocher, yellow ocher, and black.
Limestone, white lead, yellow ocher, lampblack, and red lead.
Freestone, red lead, lampblack, yel low ocher, and white lead.
Paint for Canvas.—Mix with boiled oil 24 pounds of ocher and 4 pounds of lampblack. Add 1 pound of soap dissolved in 2 pounds of water. Mix and apply with a paint brush two coats at intervals of 2 or 3 days. Allow to dry, and add a finishing coat of varnish formed of lampblack ground and thinned with boiled oil.