Many of them are now selling a few things and buying many other things much as the rest of us do. They are as fond of phono graphs and toys as are any other people. When a peo ple joins in world trade, the trade wipes out the house hold industries. (Sec. 3.) It is also easier for the white men to rule the natives when they depend upon the foreigner for a market for their goods, and upon the white man's store for their supplies.
Railroads now go into Africa from every coast. (Fig. 562.) Steamboats are on most of the navigable rivers and lakes. In many cases, these boats were sent from Europe in pieces. and were thus car rieu around waterfalls and over plateaus.
725. Interesting animals. —Though Africa has about as many people as North America, and though most of them are farmers (Secs. 734, 751), there is still so much unused land in Africa that many wild animals are found there. Among them are the elephant, lion, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, zebra, giraffe, and gorilla, and many antelope and other large grass-eating animals. It is no wonder that naturalists and hunters like to go to Africa.
726. The climate of are the latitudes of the northern and southern tips of the continent? The climates of Africa show how much the northern hemisphere is like the southern. If we start from the forest clad equator and go north or south along the west coast of Africa we find the same three belts of climate on the Atlantic coast north of the equator and on the Atlantic coast south of the equator. These regions having similar climates are alike because the laws of climate work in the same way in both northern and southern hemispheres.
We shall understand the climate of Africa as we study the regions of Africa. This is the way they are arranged: 3. Californian -Mediterranean (Morocco, Algeria).
2. Northeast Trade Wind Desert (Sahara). 1. North Tropic Grasslands (Sudan).
0. Equatorial Forests (Belgian Congo).
1. South Tropic Grasslands (Angola).
2. Southeast Trade Wind Desert (Kala hari).
3. Californian-Mediterranean (Cape Col ony).
We shall study about these belts as we study Africa.
in the spring, the Kongo Forest has a rainy season. (Fig. 534.) Two short, drier seasons come in between. Each afternoon during the rainy season thick clouds arise, followed by lightning, crashing thunder, and beat ing rain. The tangled jungle drips; the earth is soaking wet; water often lies in pools underneath the trees; the rivers rise in flood. (Sec. 748.) There is so little wind that the place is called the Zone of Calms or Doldrums.
On land and sea the climate is hot with a damp, muggy heat—a breezeless, stifling heat.
728. The dark forest.—So much rain makes plenty of moisture for the forest. The foliage of the trees is so thick that the forest is dark and gloomy. The branches of the trees are often tied together with the tangling vines of the jungle. Chattering monkeys run up and down this tangle, and serpents climb the trees and crawl from branch to branch. If a traveler in this forest is skilful enough, he may see the terri ble man-like gorilla, or the even more man