Nearly thirty years later, in 1519-22, an expedition led by a Portuguese named Magellan succeeded in sailing entirely around the world.
30. Globes and flat maps.The globe is the truest of all maps, but it is costly to make one large enough for all our purposes. Flat maps are easier to make and handier to use. Although maps printed on paper are flat, the parts of the earth which they show are really curved like the surface of a ball or of an orange. If you take a piece of orange skin and press it out flat, you will either squeeze it up in the middle or tear it on the edges. In the same way, when a map is made on flat paper, parts near the pole are made to look too large. (See Figs. 36 and 40.) When we try to show the surface of the whole round globe on a flat map, we have to stretch the parts near the poles a great deal. You can see that very well if you will carefully take off the skin of an orange. Perhaps it will break or tear a little, but try to get it off in one piece. Then straighten it out flat and pin it to a board. (Fig. 41.) Map makers have learned how to draw east-west lines called parallels and north south lines called meridians, so that con tinents and countries on maps are shaped very much as they are on the globe. (Figs.
36 and 51.) We will learn more about these lines in the next chapter.
Ocean is east of South America and the Ocean is of South America. The Indian Ocean is of Asia. The Ocean is north of North America. (Fig. 51.) Australia is in the hemisphere. 5. Point to the sunrise part of the sky; the sunset part.
6. Where do you see a globe in the picture, Fig. 35? What is the girl doing with the apple in Fig. 34? 7. In what direction does your shadow point at nine o'clock in the morning? as you walk home from school? 8. With some round object show how the earth moves. 9. Explain the meaning of strait, continent, ocean. Find one of each on a map.
10. Why did it take so many years to find the Poles? 11. Write the names of the continents on the blackboard. On a globe or picture of a globe, locate each. 12. In which continent is China? Mexico? Brazil? Cuba? France? 13. Why is the globe the truest of all maps?