Public State-house at Newport is a perfectly symmet rical brick and stone structure commenced in 1738. It has rectangular windows with quoins, a balcony over the entrance, above the balcony a broken pediment, and over this a truncated gable. Over all rises a low •octagonal turret. The city-hall, or " Old Granary," is more classical, for its architect, Peter Harrison, had been a pupil of Vanbrugh, and had worked at Blenheim and Castle Howard. It has Ionic pilasters running through two storeys placed above a ground-floor with large round-arched openings. The Redwood Library (Roman Doric, with four columns and triglyphs on the frieze), the Malbone house (burnt in 1766), and many other structures at Nelvport and elsewhere, were the work of Harrison, who also built King's Chapel at Boston (1749), a massive church with a fine interior and a low peristyle of Ionic columns. The old Statehouse at Boston is of the same period; it is a very plain structure with a wide entrance and curious end-gables.
Independence Hall (pl. 6o, Jig. 2) is a relic of colonial days. Com menced in 1732, it was from 1736 to 1799 the seat of the legislative assem bly of Pennsylvania. In style it resembles the buildings of England of the same epoch—that is to say, it gives evidence of an utter decay of the classic style, unwarmed by the touch of any coming revival. Wooden cornices and modillions, with some Ionic capitals, show that a memory of classic detail still subsisted, and the Doric pilasters and triglyphs of the interior give further proof of this. Yet Independence Hall, with its square tower, is a substantial business-like structure, and in its day was doubtless considered grand. The wings are later additions, and are decided disfigurements, since they give the façade a disproportionate lowness from which the original hall was free. Even from an aesthetic standpoint this building, and the churches of the colonial period which still exist, are superior to many of the structures built in the interim between that period and the present age.
War of Independence exhausted the country, and thus, when it was resolved to build at Washington a Capitol which should be a fit domicile for the Federal government, the poverty of archi tects was severely felt. The designs presented were chiefly picturesque sketches, even those of Dr. Thornton comprising neither ground-plan, geometrical elevations, nor sections. The authorship of the original design was disputed between Thornton and Stephen L. Hallett, a French man, and the former was finally set aside. The Capitol as it now stands 58.,fig. 2) belongs chiefly to the nineteenth century (see page 363),
and its classicism struck the keynote which has since been sounded by most government buildings.
The /17zite House is exteriorly a not unimposing structure for its time, but it is little else than a duplicate of an Irish gentleman's country-seat, and has not always been considered, particularly convenient by the Presi dential families that have occupied it. Its architect was James Hoban, an Irishman who succeeded Hadfield, the successor of Hallett, as the architect of the Capitol. Its large projecting portico seems scarcely to belong to the rest of the structure.
The at Boston, designed by Charles Bullfinch, is contem porary with the older building of the Capitol. It is of simple outline, a rectangle with a projecting centre, and is crowned by a hemispherical dome. The centre has unadorned round arches in the lower storey, while the upper consists of a Corinthian colonnade surmounted by a ped itnent. The wings are plainer (AL 6o, fig. 3).
Churches: St. Michael's at Charleston, South Carolina, is the work of Gibson, a pupil of Sir Christopher Wren. As is the case with most of the churches of the time, whatever ornament there is reserved for the steeple, the three stages and spire of which still constitute one of Charles ton's chief ornaments. There is a Doric porch-front, and the pilasters of the sides run past two storeys of windows.
Christ from the first a city of brick, contains, among other less important structures, two which must be mentioned here, besides numerous houses of the last century which the lover of good solid brick-work well and properly bonded would in these days do well to study. The old Quaker City kept close to the Delaware, from which modern Philadelphia has diverged to the west and the north. Christ Church (pi. 55, 2) is a favorable specimen of a colonial church, for, though most of the cornices and mouldings are of wood, the string-course along the sides between the two ranges of windows is of moulded brick, and the entablature, archivolts, etc., of the eastern window are of brown stone. The double row of eight arches along the sides has a good effect. The tower was commenced in 1727, the church was built immediately after, and the spire with its octagon lantern was added later. Urn-like finials adorn the attic and the east end.
The Old South Church, Boston, now used as a museum, belongs to the colonial period; it is a plain brick structure with a ridge roof and square tower surmounted by a spire which has a sort of loggia around its base.