fig. The Temple of Athena at Priene must also be referred to this date; it was built about 340 E. c. by Pytheos, and was consecrated by Alexander the Great. It was an Ionic peripteros of six columns by eleven (fig. 14).
Mausoleum of Asia Minor the Greek culture came into contact with the Asiatic. If in the Ionic order we recognize a series of Asiatic elements permeated by the Greek spirit, we must not think it strange if other Asiatic elements recur. Thus a work which in its day was widely famed, and which has given its name to a whole class of mon uments, was linked to Asiatic traditions. This was the tomb which Artemisia in the year 354 B. C. erected to the memory of her husband, Mansolus, king of Caria, in their capital, Halikaruassos. The monarchy had more relations to the Asiatic than to the Greek civilization, and so the monument assumed the arrangement of the many-staged pyramids of Assyria and Babylonia. Both in its execution and in the proportion of its details it is one of the noblest of Ionic buildings. The architects were Pytheos and Satyros, the former of whom designed the Temple of Athena at Priene, and the sculptures are ascribed to Skopas, Bryaxis, Timotheos, and Leochares. A substructure of five stages, 36 metres (118 feet) long and metres (90 feet) wide, enclosed the burial-chamber. Upon this stood a cella surrounded by an Ionic peristyle of nine columns by eleven. A pyramid of twenty-four steps, which upon its uppermost stage bore a chariot with the colossal statue of Mausolus, crowned the structure. Constructive necessities seem to exact that the cella, upon which the weight of the pyramid rested, must have been vaulted. The work existed until the Middle Ages, but in 1402 A. D. it was destroyed, and the stone was removed to build a fort; yet so many fragments remain that there can be no doubt concerning its original form.
The Temple of Artemis at Magnesia, a pseudodipteros built by Her mogenes, is also Ionic, as is likewise the peripteral Temple of Dionysos erected by the same architect at Teos and the Temple of Aphrodite at Aphrodisias, a psendodipteral structure of eight columns by thirteen sur rounded by a peribolus with Corinthian columns.
The inner Propyhea at Elensis is also Ionic. Vet even at this date we meet with the Doric order in the Temple of Demeter at Pxstum (pl. 7,
fig. 9), but in a form unlike the solemnity and severity of the ancient period. The four columns of the pronaos have bases. The temple is per ipteral, with six columns in front and thirteen on each side, and measures 14 metres (46 feet) by 32 metres (105 feet). The so-called " Basilica " at Pestum is also Doric.
Choragic has a number of interesting minor memorials in the clioragic monuments which were erected by individuals for the display of the tripod which they and their choir had carried of as the prize of a musical contest. Some bear the tripod upon a column, while others are built in the form of small temples. A street in Athens has so many of these memorials that it is named " Tripod Street." Perhaps the most beautiful is the choragic Monument of Lysikrates (11. 8, jigs. 11), who erected it to commemorate a prize won in a musical contest in the year 334 B. c. Though much mutilated, it is in all its essential parts still extant, but is better known by the title of the Lantern of Demosthenes" than by its own. The Monument of Thrasvllos (figs. 8, 9; 32o B. C.) is more like a temple-facade, yet sim pler in form, and is allied in many ways to the Asiatic tomb-facades. Here a grotto on the south side of the Acropolis enclosed the tripod. The facade was destroyed in modern times.
Transition of Grecian political independence of the indi vidual Greek communities could no longer exist after powerful states began to develop in Europe and there had sprung into existence grand ideas of world-domination to fight for, and to sustain which great authority must be wielded. The Persian war was, in fact, a war of sub jugation which had it been successful would have given the Persians a world-wide sovereignty, and which rendered necessary a stable Greek con federation in which the leadership of the other states should be given to a single one. The struggle for this hegemony marks the period Persian war until the Macedonians—a race dwelling to the northward, who until then had taken no part in Grecian development, and whom the Greeks even reckoned barbarians—acquired under King Philip (338 B. c.) the leadership of Greece.