In 146r, Agostino di Guceio erected the Oratorio S. Bernardino at Perugia. In 1456, Filarete commenced the hospital (Ospedale Maggiore) at Milan, in which the rich decoration of the Renaissance is woven into the Gothic system; yet the elements of the two distinct styles stand out in striking contrast. In the same year Michelozzo executed the adorn ment of a palace in Milan which Francesco Sforza had presented to Cosimo de' Medici; in 1462 he erected the Cappella Portinari in S. Ens torgio after the pattern of Brunelleschi's Cappella de' Pazzi at Florence, and also the choir, chapter-house, and sacristy of S. Pietro iu Gessate. He also built the Palazzo Riccardi at Florence.
The ducal palace at Urbino was commenced in 1468 by Luciano Laurano, and Baccio Pintelli superintended it from 14S4 to 149r. In 1472, Alberti built the facade of Sta. Maria Novella at Florence, and in 'the same year he commenced the erection of the magnificent Church of S. Andrea at Mantua. The Palazzi Spaunochi and Nerucci at Siena are ascribed to Francesco di Giorgio.
The Sistine Chapel in the Vatican at Rome, known rather from its paintings than from its simple architecture, was built in 1473 by Baccio Pintelli for Pope Sixtus IV.
Certosa di the same year Ambrogio Borgognone began the facade of the Certosa at Pavia, in which the greatest richness of forms is combined with a wealth of sculptured figures and ornamental carving; so that the entire work, executed in white marble, makes a most striking impression, although the upper termination of the façade is wanting. The cloisters also, which surround the court as light, open porticoes, are filled to overflowing with charming ornaments (j5/. 4o, figs. I, 2, 3, 8).
Sta. Maria in at Ferrara, a columned basilica, was begun in 1473 by Bartolommeo Tristano. The nave and transepts of this church have a flat roof, while the side-aisles and the chapels of the transepts have groined vaulting, and a rather flat dome rises over the intersection. Biagio Rosetti finished the structure.
The grand tomb of the doge Andrea Vendramin 4o, fig. 7) is in the Church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo at Venice. This ornamental struc ture covers an extensive surface, and may be reckoned one of the most beautiful examples of the tombs of the period. Adjoining the church is the rich façade (1485) of the Scuola di S. Marco (pi. 42, 'is-. 3). The façade of the Cappella Colleoni at Bergamo belongs to the year r476.
Bramante.—About this period Donato Lazzari, called " Bramante of Urbino," came to Milan, where he remained until the close of the cen tury, and soon became known as one of the first masters of the time. One of his oldest works is the choir of Sta. Maria delle Grazie, of whose nave—a simple Gothic work—we have already spoken (p. 233). The charming cupola, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the three aisles, does not seem adapted to the original plan (fig.
About this time the Renaissance also forced its way into Venice. S. Zaccaria was commenced in 1457, but its system is entirely medimval, while its Renaissance forms are rather exaggerated; so that their work manship may well be of a later date, since the building was completed in 1515, but the facade (pi. 4o, fig. 6) may perhaps belong to the eighth or ninth decade of the fifteenth century. In 1477 the court of the Palazzo Ducale was begun by Antonio Bregno, who in one storey combined the pointed arch with the Renaissance constructional forms and mouldings (fig. to). The staircase (pi. 42, Ay. 2) belongs to this part of the structure.
About 148o a Tuscan architect built the arcades of the old Procurazie at Venice, and in 1481 Pietro Lombardo erected the Palazzo Vendramin Calergi 5). In the same year this master built the Church of Sta. Maria de' Miracoli, whose nave has a coffered wooden tunnel-vault. The covering of marble slabs which characterizes Venetian architecture generally is displayed with great elegance in the façade of this church. About 1483, Moro Lombardo and Sebastian° da Lugano directed the con struction of the domed Church of S. Giovanni Crisostomo, which is nearly square and has the lower portions round the dome tunnel-vaulted. In 1484, Giuliano da Majano built the Porta Capuana at Naples. In 1485– 149i, Giuliano di Sangallo erected the Church of the Madonna delle Car ceri at Prato, and in 1490 the Palazzo Gondi at Florence.
The cathedral at Pavia was commenced in 1490 according to Bra mante's plans. The great Palazzo Scroffa at Ferrara, whose unfinished court may be numbered among the noblest productions of the early Renaissance, is but little later. One of the most prominent of Florentine palaces is the Palazzo Strozzi 41,figs. 2, 3), begun by Benedetto da Majano in 1489; its storeys are about to metres (33 feet) high. The court, with its colonnades, is the work of Cronaca, and is topped off by a mas sive and far-projecting cornice. The latter master also built at Florence the charming Palazzo Guadagni, of modest dimensions; this palazzo has a ground-floor with rusticatious and rectangular windows like the Strozzi Palace, two upper storeys with decorated surfaces adorned with painting, and an upper floor with an open colonnade below the far-projecting cornice which crowns the edifice. Near the Pavia Cathe dral, Bramante began, in 1492, the Church of S. Maria Incoronata di Canepanova, a dome-roofed octagon towering lightly above a square to one of whose sides is attached an octangular choir covered by a small cupola. Sta. Maria della Croce near Crema is octangular within, but round externally, and has an almost medixval aspect. It was erected between 1490 and i5oo, and has a cupola and a machicolated roof.