The Bushmen are still more uncouth, on account of their large and clumsy heads and the disproportion between the limbs and the rump. Their anns are often longer and their legs shorter than with whites. Their hands and feet are small and graceful, as are those of the Hottentots. As their bellies are enlarged by inuntritious food, their breastbone becomes broader below, so that their shoulders appear narrow and are curved to the front. In strength they are superior to the Hottentots.
The form of the women is greatly disfigured by the enormous develop ment of the upper leg and a holster of fat on the hips. This feature, which is seen also among the Bantu and Negroes, is not peculiar to all the women; it sometimes, though in an inferior measure, occurs among the men. A change in the nourishment has an exceedingly rapid influ ence on the outlines of their figures (Fritsch) (p1. 82, fig. 7).
Hottentot famous peculiarity of the Hottentot and Bush women is the so-called "Hottentot apron." However, it is not found on all Hottentot women, and is sometimes seen in North Africa, and even in North America. In spite of the apparently great development of the hips, the pelvis is small and remarkably narrow, as is illustrated by the outline of the pelvis of a Bush woman on Plate i (fig. i a'). Compare this with the pelvis of a Negress (c), with that of a Javanese woman (b), and especially with the pelvis of a young German woman (a). In com parison with the latter the difference is remarkable. The bones constitut ing the pelvis of the Bush women are thin and brittle.
The skin of the Hottentots, and especially of the Bushmen, easily becomes wrinkled as though withered, not only on the face, but also on the body (pl. 82, figs. 2, 4, 5; pl. 85, fig. 1). This shrivelling is visible in youth, and is absent only during the earliest years (pi. 82, A-. 6).
Color.—The color of the skin varies: it is generally of a leather yellow or brownish-yellow to dark brown—reddish-brown among the Griqua, grayish-brown among the Korana. The Bushmen also are gen erally of a light color, but there are some tribes of Bushmen on Lake Ngami who are as dark as Congo Negroes (Livingstone); and this color is said to occur also among some branches of the Nama. The lighter tribes plainly exhibit redness of the cheeks.
Hair.—The hair is peculiar. It is black, short, hard to the touch, and grows in bunches or frizzy tufts, between which the surface of the scalp remains bare (i51. 85, figs. 1, 2, 3); some individuals seem to
have a full hair-covering (pl. 82, figs. 1, 4). In ancient reports we hear of individuals with long curls. The hair of the body is scant, though not totally absent; there is also a little beard, short and furry, generally growing on the upper lip only (II. 82, figs. 2, 3, 5; i5/. 85, figs. 2, 3).
and formation of the skull is dolicho cephalic, but broadened so much toward the occiput that Welcker puts it into a separate class, that of the filalyslencephalic or low long skulls (pl. 82, figs. 8–r r). The back of the skull presents in most cases of pure race a pentagonal form (pl. 82, fig. ro). The jawbones are prognathic (pl. 82, fig. 11). The chin is small; the forehead generally finely de veloped, high, projecting globularly (i51. 82, figs. 1-4, 6, r pl. 85, figs. I-3).
The cheekbones project more among the Hottentots than among the San (pl. 82, A:TS. r, 3, 4). The eyes are far apart, well opened, long, but not very high, although lying in broad sockets (fil. 82, jig. 8). The iris is dark brown, the cornea yellowish-white. The nose is broad and flat especially at its root (fil. 82, fig . r 1), projecting but little over the large and somewhat thick-lipped month (fil. 82, Jigs. 1-6; pi. 85, 1-3). The ears are large and the teeth fine. Some witnesses declare that both Hottentots and Bushmen are not entirely ugly, and that sonic of them are even handsome. The Bushmen generally have a stealthy, subtle look and a great vivacity of expression.
is said that formerly a peculiar circumcision was practised on the Hottentot boys under the pretence of enabling them to run faster. The custom is now obsolete among the mixed tribes of the Hottentots, and the Bushmen seem never to have practised it.
dress is simple. The men wear a sheep-skin mantle, and they cover the loins with a small piece of skin, which they fasten with straps. The women—at least among the Namaqua—wear a larger apron than the men, and they also wear behind the so-called kaross or kross, a piece of leather extending from the waist about as far as the knee, or, among some tribes, reaching to the ankles. Chiefs wear the skins of the nobler animals of the chase.