Pullman Comfiany remarked on p. 378, the commercial edifices of Chicago both in magnificence and in upward tendency evidence a marked advance since the great fire of IS71. The Pullman Palace-car Company's building (fl. 64, fig. 2) is one of the finest of the later series of office-structures. It is a fireproof building, i7o by 120 feet, nine storeys high, built of Jonesborough granite, brick, and terra-cotta. The Central Safety Deposit Company's building—popularly known as the " Rookery "—is doubtless the largest office-structure in the world. It has a floor-area of about eight and one-half acres.
The Safe Deposit building at Baltimore—a combination of Roman esque and modern Gothic—and the Rialto, in the same city, are also worthy of mention.
have not, as a rule, risen in the United States to the festhetic level they have reached in Western Europe; with a few excep tions, they are so excessively utilitarian that they often fail in convenience. Many stations—or "depots," as they are often called—are mere sheds for the shelter of the trains, with sheds across the end or at the sides as offices and waiting-rooms. By the combination of a grand arched roof with a palatial hotel many European termini and some way-stations have attained monumental dignity, but this combination has scarcely been attempted in America; rarely is a hotel combined with a depot.
A few stations, however, must be considered monumental piles. Among these is the Broad Street terminus of the Pennsylvania Rail road at Philadelphia, a structure of red brick and terra-cotta in a style approaching Gothic. Some portions, especially the entrance and the upper storeys, are very good, and the facade is effective, though injured by the lowness of the ground-floor and by the rectangular windows which are inserted into the tympani of the large pointed arches of the principal floor. The two tiers of windows enclosed in this arcading light a large hall, and thus the arches could have been appropriately filled with tra ceried and mullioned windows. The detail of the large waiting-hall is very meagre. Large pointed arches have no mouldings around them, but are set with small plain stones around arch and jambs alike. The wood work of the ceiling is an echo of the carved trusses of fifteenth-century English halls and churches, while the rectangular tower which rises at the angle and bears a large clock is in many respects an imitation of the cam panile of St. Alark's at Venice. Perhaps the most effective part of the
structure is the staircase leading to the waiting-room, where, as well as in the walls around the station, there is some very good work in buff and red brick. Were the depot spanned by one grand arch, instead of by three small arches, the interior effect would be very fine.
Another of America's finest stations is that of the Pennsylvania Rail way at Chicago, and still another will be that of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway Company on the left bank of the Schuylkill, Philadelphia.
The Chicago and North-western terminus at Chicago is a symmetrical structure with a most effective sky-line. The central entrance is not very well emphasized, nor is there much to observe in the lower storeys; but at each end of the facade rises an octagonal turret with a high spire, and in the centre is a tower flanked by two half-pediments. A series of nine square-headed openings run across an upper storey below the pediments, and the tower, having other similar windows, is continued upward with flat angle-buttresses, and has small openings above and below the clock. Between the angle-turrets and the tower the outline is broken by large dormers and chimneys.
The American Express Company's building at Chicago is prominent for its massiveness, as are all other works by Richardson. It is in the French style of the thirteenth century as exhibited in civic buildings, and the openings throughout are lintelled, sonic of them being as much as seven feet wide.
The Boston and Albany railway:station, Boston, is a severe structure of brick, with stone quoins to angles and windows, terminating above in a high roof; and the Boston and Providence depot, of the same city, though less lofty than the last mentioned, has a fine entrance through a row of tall Gothic arches, and is adorned with a lofty square tower-clock having a machicolated cornice and a tall roof.
II"atcrivorks.—Worthy of mention are those structures connected with waterworks, which in sonic instances possess considerable architectural merit—as, for example, those of the New York Croton Waterworks and the elaborate brick pumping-station recently erected at the Spring Gar den Waterworks, Philadelphia.