Hub-polishing is accomplished upon a machine having two cone headed spindles, of which the head or live spindle has no lengthwise motion. The carriage bearing the tail spindle is moved back and forth lengthwise by a treadle, a counter-weight serving to make the work easier. The live spindle need not be stopped to put in or take out a hub. A sand belt machine for smoothing irregular work has one of the pulleys which bear the sanded belt adjustable in distance from the other, so as to keep the sand-belt tension just right, the tension being applied to the belt by a large square-threaded screw. Sanding and equalizing wheel-treads are done by turning the wheel while held horizontally in contact with a large sand covered vertical disc (pl. is, 2). The edges of the wheel, after assem bling, are polished by passing it, while mounted upon a horizontal axis and rotated slowly, between two vertical polishing-discs, each of which finishes one side.
The Puibil 8), for producing all kinds of straight, tapered, curved, spiral, or rope mouldings (fig. 7), holds the work between centres mounted on a bed fed along on a frame pivoted to the main frame, so as to slide at varying angles. The live centre has a train of change gears, to vary the degree of twist, which is right- or left-hand according to the side on which the gears are placed. An index-plate permits of cutting from one to six strands on a piece. The cutters are like the bits used on variety shapers, except that they are inclined 45° to their collars, so as to give them a shearing cut from the outside of the work to the centre. A hand-feed is purposely employed instead of a power-feed. The latter would not dispense with an operator, but would, on the contrary, call for a more skilled and careful attendant properly to care for the extra complication and to exercise proper precaution in setting the stops and making, the adjustments so as to avoid accident. Furthermore, hand feed will turn out more work, as a rapid rate can be maintained at the start and finish, where the work is strong through being near the support ing centres, and a slower rate employed toward the middle, where the work would be too weak to stand the rapid rate.
work from either the upper or the lower side of the material. The upper side is for some reasons preferable, because the work can be better held to the bed and it enables the operator to see what lie is doing-. In good machines of this class the cutter revolves in bearings practically fixed in an overhead arm, and the table has vertical adjustment, to suit various thicknesses of stuff. The spindle has above the cutter a guide-collar, to admit of the use of any sized cutter without changing the collar. In surface-panelling the pattern is placed above the work. For edge-moulding there is in the table an adjustable bearing, to furnish sup port for the lower end of the cutter-spindle. The cutters turn either right
or left, cutting both ways. This reversibility •is necessary in working most kinds.of wood, as it permits of changing the direction of cut to suit the grain.
special machine for surface-orna menting, together with illustrations of its work, is shown in Figures i to 5 (p1. 17). The frame is in a single piece, of column form, with a project ing neck, which has on its extreme end an opening, on which is fitted a cylindrical sleeve-bearing, which carries the carving-spindle. The arbor can be readily moved as a radius in any direction in a horizontal plane, or may be clamped by thumbscrews on top. The driving-pulley is on the arbor, in the centre of the sleeve-bearing, and is belted from above. The arbor carries spurs and other carving-tools such as are shown in Figure 1.
The Machine (p1. 18, fig. 3) has two sandpapering discs with horizontal axes in line, the faces of the two discs opposing each other. These discs are separately belted; the frame in each revolves, being adjustable, 'so as to control the distance between the disc-surfaces. The discs being brought to the distance apart desired for the width of a drawer, each drawer is fed through between them upon sliding ways, which are adjustable in height, so as to bring each drawer, no matter what its depth, with the centre of its depth in line with the rubbers of the polishing-discs.
Miscellaneous and planer has a die with a right-angled opening; against this there work two blades, which stand at right angles to each other, and each of which has a draw ing cut. These, being brought down by a lever, cut from the obtuse toward the acute corner of the moulding or other object to be mitred. Both joints are cut at once. Handles and such articles are smoothed by a tumbling-machine, which is best constructed with an iron frame and heads, so that the wooden staves may be taken out and replaced, when worn, with out disarranging any of the iron-work.
The Rutomatic car-gaining machine (fig. 6) has a long bed with a table having lengthwise travel. Parallel with the track of the table is the spin dle of the arbor-head, and this has traverse across the table. It also has vertical movement, to accommodate different thicknesses of timber and depths of cut. The sliding frame, which bears the cutter-arbor, has auto matic feed and may be stopped at any point. The table is also arranged to be stopped at any desired point, so that exact duplicates of timbers may be produced. The gaining-head frame has a fixed speed in each direction, no matter what the width of the timber. This permits gaining in both directions. Some of these machines have attached to the side of the col umn a vertical spindle, for boring timbers and sills after the gaining has been finished. This spindle has a vertical movement and a traverse over the carriage.