4. Where and when it may be made. An arrest may be made in any place, except in the actual or constructive presence of court, and the defendant's own house, 4 Black Stone, Comm. 288 ; 6 Taunt. 246 ; Cowp. 1; and even there the officer may break inner doors to find the defendant. 5 Johns. N. Y. 352 ; 17 id. 127 ' • 8 Taunt. 250 ; Cowp. 2. See 10 Wend. N. Y. 300. It cannot be made on Sunday or any public holiday. Stat. 29 Car. II. c. 7 ; contra, 6 Blackf. Ind. 447. It must generally be made in the daytime.
Discharge from arrest on mesne process may be obtained by giving sufficient bail, which the officer is bound to take, 4 Taunt. 669 ; 1 Bingh. 103 ; 3 Maule & S. 283 ; 6 Term, 355 ; 15 East, 320; but when the arrest is on final process, giving bail does not au thorize a discharge.
If the defendant otherwise withdraw him self from arrest, or if the officer discharge hint without authority, it is an escape; and the sheriff is liable to the plaintiff. See ESCAPE. If the party is withdrawn forcibly from the custody of the officer by third persons, it is a rescue. See RESCUE.
And other extended facilities are offered to poor debtors to obtain a discharge under the statutes of most if not all of the states of the United States. In consequence, except in cases of apprehended fraud, as in the con cealment of propert7 or an intention to ab scond, arrests are infrequently made. See, as to excepted cases, 19 Conn. 540 ; 28 Me. 45.
5. Generally. An unauthorized arrest, as under process materially irregular or in formal, 26 N. H. 268 ; 6 Barb. N. Y. 654 ; 1 Hayw. No. C. 471 ; 5 Ired. No. C. 72; 11 id. 242; 3 Harr. & M'H. Md. 113 ; 3 Yerg. Tenn. 392 ; 36 Me. 366 ; 2 R. I. 436 ; 1 Conn. 40 ; 13 Mass. 286 ; see 20 Vt. 321 ; or process issuing from a court which has no general jurisdiction of the subject-matter, 10 Coke, 68 ; Strange, 711 ; 2 Wilts. 275, 384; 10 Barnew. & C. 28 ' • 8 Q. B. 1020 ; 7 Carr. & P. 542 ; 4 Mass. 497; 1 Gray, Mass. 1; 2 Cush. Mass. 577 ; 4 Conn. 107 ; 7 id. 452 ; 11 id. 95 ; 1 Ill. 18 ; 7 Ala. pis ; 2 Fla. 171 ; 3 Dev. No. C. 471 ; 4 B. Monr. Ky. 230 ; 21 N. H. 262 ; 9 Ga. 73 ; 37 Me. 130 ; 3 Cranch, 448 ; 1 Curt. C. C. 311 ; and see 5 Wend. N. Y. 170 ; 16 Barb. N. Y. 268 ; 5 N. Y. 381 ; 3 Binn. Penn. 215 ; but if the failure of juris diction be as to person, place, or process, it must appear on the warrant, to have this effect, Buller, Nisi P. 83 ; 5 Wend. N. Y. 175; 3 Barb. N. Y. 17 ; 12 Vt. 661 ; 6 Ill. 401 ; 1
Rich, So. C. 147 ; 2 J. J. Marsh. Ky. 44 ; 1 Conn. 40; 6 Blackf. Ind. 249, 344; 3 Munf. Va. 458 ; 13 Mo. 171 • 3 Binn. Penn. 38 ; 8 Mete. Mass. 326 ; 1 R. I. 464 ; 1 Mood. 281; 3 Burr. 1766 ; 1 W. Blackst. 555 ' . or arrest of the wrong person, 2 Scott, N. s. 86; 1 Mann. & G. 775 ; 2 Taunt. 400 ; 8 N. H. 406 ; 4 Wend. N. Y. 555 ; 9 id. 319 ; 6 Cow. N. Y. 456 ; 7 id. 332, renders the officer liable for a trespass to the party arrested. See 1 Ben nett & H. Lead. Crim. Cas. 180-184.
In Criminal Cases. The apprehending or detaining of the person in order to be forth coming to answer an alleged or suspected crime.
The word arrest is said to be more properly need in civil cases, and apprehenaitnt in criminal. Thus, a man is arrested under a copies ad respoadendula, and apprehmided under a warrant charging hith with larceny.
6. Who may make. The person to wIn.m the warrant is addressed is the proper person in case a warrant has been issued, whether he be described by name, Salk. 176.; 24 Wend. N. Y. 418 ; 2 Ired, No. C. 201, or by his office. 1 Barnew. & C. 288 ; 2 Dowl. & R. 444; 7 Exch. 827 ; 6 Barb. N. Y. 654. See 1 Mass. 488. But, if the authority of the war rant is insufficient, he may be liable as a trespasser. See, before, 5.
7. Any peace officer, as a justice of the peace, 1 Hale, Pl. Cr. 86 ; sheriff, 1 Saund. 77 ; 1 Taunt. 46 ; coroner, 4 Blackstone, Comm. 292 ; constable, 32 Eng. L. & Eq. 783 ; 36 N. H. 246; or watchman, 3 Taunt. 14 ; 3 Campb. 420, may without a warrant arrest any person committing a felony in his pre sence, 6 Binn. Penn. 318 ; Lect. 402; 3 Hawkins, Pl. Cr. 164, or committing a breach of the peace, during its continuance or immediately afterwards, 1 Carr. & P. 40; 4 id. 387 ; 6 id. 741 ; 32 Eng. L. & Eq. 186 ; 3 Wend. N. Y. 384; 1 Root, Conn. 66 ; 2 Nott & M'C. So. C. 475 ; 1 Pet. C. C. 390; or even to prevent the commission; and such itfficer may arrest any one whom he reason ably suspects of having committed a felimy, whether a felony has actually been committed or not, 3 Campb. 420 ; 5 Cush. Mass. 281; 6 Humphr. Tenn. 53 ; 6 Binn. Penn. 316 ; 3 Wend. N. Y. 350 ; 1 N. H. 54 ; whether act ing on his own knowledge or facts communi cated by others, 6 Barnew. & C. 635 ; but not unless the offence amount to a felony. 1 Mood. Crim. 80 ; 5.Exch. 378 ; 5 Cush. Mass. 281 ; 11 id. 246, 415. See Russ. & R. 329. See