C. 333; 12 Penn. St. 81; 3 Md. 431; acts done on the defendant's land which by immediate consequence injure the plaintiff. Strange, 634 ;2 Green, N. J. 472 ; 21 Pick. Mass. 378 ; 8 Cush. Mass. 595 ; 7 Monr. Ky. 325 ; 8 B. Monr. Ky. 453 ; 18 Me. 32; 35 id. 271 ; 2 Barb. N. Y. 165 ; 2 N. Y. 159, 163; 17 Ohio, 489 ; 18 id. 229; 1 N. J. 5 ; 10 Ill. 425 ; 12 id. 20; 22 Vt. 38; 21 Conn. 213; 3 Md. 431. See 20 Vt. 302; 4 N. Y. 195; 5 R, ich. So. C. 583.
Injuries to the relative rights, 1 Halst. N. J. 322; 1 M'Cord, So. C. 207 i 3 Serg. 4 R. Penn. 215 ; 2 Murph. No. C. 61 ; 7 Ala. 169 ; 6 T. B. Monr. Ky. 296; 7 Blackf. Ind. 578; 3 Den. N. Y. 361 ; enticing away servants and chil dren, 1 Chitty, Plead. 137; 4 Litt: Ky. 25; 15 Barb. N. Y. 489; seduction of daughters or servants. 5 Me. 546 ; 2 Greene, Iowa, 520. See 6 Munf. Va. 587; 1 Grim. Va. 33; SEDUCTION. Injuries which result from negligence, 7 Mass. 169 ; 1 Cush. Mass. 475 ; 23 Me. 371 ; 1 Den. N. Y. 91 ; 2 Ired. No. C. 138 ; 9 id. 73 ; 18 Vt. 620; 21 id. 102 ; 2 Strobh. So. C. 356; 4 Rich. So. C. 228 ; 9 Ark. 85 ; 24 Miss. 93 ; 20 Penn. St. 387 ; 13 B. Monr. Ky. 219 ; 15 Ill. 366; 3 Ohio St. 172 ; see 3 Den. N. Y. 232; 5 id. 255 ; 20 Vt. 529; 19 Conn. 507 ; 29 Me. 307 ; 16 Penn. St. 463 ; 2 Mich. 259; though the direct result of actual force. 10 Biugh. 112 ; 4 Barnew. & C. 223 ; 14 Johns. N. Y.432 ; 17 id. 92; 17 Barb. N. Y. 94; 3 N. H. 465 ; 11 Mass. 137 ; 2 Harr. Del. 443 ; 2 bled. No. C. 206; 18 Vt. 605; 7 Blackf. Ind. 342; 1 R. I. 474.
4. Wrongful acts done under a legal pro cess regularly issuing from court of com petent jurisdiction. 2 Conn, 700 ; 3 id. 537 ; 9 id. 141 ; 11 Mass. 500 ; 6. Me. 421 ; 1 Bail. So. C. 441 ; 19 Ala. 760 ; 21 id. 491 ; 2 Litt. Ky. 234; 6 Dan. Ky. 321 • 3 Gill & J. Md.
377 ; 13 Ga. 260; 6 Cal. 399. See 3 Serg. & 142; 12 id. 210.
Wrongful acts committed by the defend ant's servant without his order, but for which he is responsible. 17 Mass. 246; 1 Pick. Mass. 66. 3 Cush. Mass. 300; 8 Wend. N. Y. 474; 9 Humphr. Term. 757 ; 13 B. Monr. Ky. 219 ; 2 Ohio 536 ; 17 Ill. 580.
Rights given by statutes. 15 Conn. 526 ; 7
Mass. 169 ; 23 Me. 371; 9 Vt. 411 ; 2 Woodb.
& M. C. C. 337.
Injuries committed to property of which the plaintiff has the reversion only, 8 Pick. Mass. 235 ; 4 Gray, Mass. 197 ; 7 Conn. 328 ; 24 id. 15 ; 2 Green, N. J. 8 ; 1 Johns. N. Y. 511 ; 3 Hawks, No. C. 246 ; Bush. No. C. 30 ; 2 urph. No. C. 61 ; 2 N. II. 430 ; 3 id. 103; 5 - Penn. St. 118; 8 id. 523 ; 2 Dougl, Mich. 184; 4 Harr. Del. 181 ; 21 Vt. 108. 1 Dutch. N. J. 97, 255 ; 41 Me. 104; see 1 N. Y. 528; as where property is in the hands of a bailee for hire. 3 Campb, 187; 3 East, 593; Hawks, No. C. 246 ; 8 B. Monr. Ky. 515.
5. As to the effect of intention as dis tinguishing case from trespass, see 1 M'Mull. So. C. 3134 ; 7 Blackf. Ind. 342 ; 4 Den. N. Y. 464; 4 Barb. N. Y. 225 ; 30 Me. 173; 13 Ired. No. C. 50 ; 26 Ala, N. s. 633. In some states the distinction, is expressly abolished by statute. 25 Me. 86; 8 Blackf. Ind. 119; 3 Sneed, Tenn. 20 ; 1 Wisc. 352.
The declaration must not state the injury to have been committed vi et armis, 3 Conn. 64 ; yet after verdict the words vi et armis (with' force and arms) may he rejected as sur plusage, Harp. So. C. 122, and sh,ould not conclude contra pucem. Contyns, Dig. Action on the Case (C 3).
Damages net resulting necessarily from, the acts complained of must be specially, stated. 3 Strobh. So. C. 373 ; 32 Mc. 378; 5 Cush. Mass. 104 ; 9 Ga. 160 ; 4 Chandl. Wise, 20. Evidence which shows the injary to be trespass will not support case. 5 Mass. 16 id. 451; 3 Johns. N. Y. 468; 4 Barb. N. Y. 596; 3 Md. 431. See 2 Rapd. Va. 440; 8 Blackf. Ind. 119.
6. The plea of not guilty raises the gene ral issue. 2 i,shm. Penn, 150. Ender this plea almost any matter may be giver•in evi dence, except the statute of limitations; and the rule is modified in actions for slander and a few other instances. 1 Wms. Saund. 130, n. 1; Willes, 20.
The judgment is that the plaintiff recover a sum of money ascertained by a jury for his damages sustained by the commission of the grievances complained of in the declaration, 2 Ired. No. C. 221; 18 Vt. 620; 18 Conn. 494; with costs.