DOMICIL. That place where a man has his true, fixed, and permanent home and prin cipal establishment, and to which wkenever he is absent he has the intention of returning. Lieber, Encyc. Am. ; 10 Mass. 188 ; 11 La. 175 ; 5 Mete. Mass. 187 ; 4 Barb. N. Y. 505 ; Wall. Jr. C. C. 217 ; 9 Ired. No. C. 99 ; 1 Tex. 673 ' • 13 Me. 255'; 27 Miss. 704; 1 Bosw. N.
Y. 673.
2. Domicil may be either national or do mestic. In deciding the question of national domicil, the point to be determined will be in which of two or more distinct nationalities a man has his domicil, In deciding the matter of domestic domicil, the question is in which subdivision of the nation does the person have his domicil. Thus, whether a person is do miciled in England or France would be a question of national domicil, whether in Nor folk or Suffolk county, a question of domestic domicil. The distinction is to be kept in mind, since the rules for determining the two domicils, though frequently, are not neces sarily the same. See 2 Kent, Comm 449 ; Story, Cool Laws, 1 39 et seq.; Westlake, Priv. Int. Law, 15 ; Wheaton, Int. Law, 123 et seq.
3. The Romanists and civilians seem to attach about equal importance to the place of business and of residence as fixing the place of domicil. Pothier, Introd. Gen. Cout.
d' Orleans c. 1, art. 1, 8 ; Encyc. Mod. micil: Denizart ; Story, Confl. Laws, 1 42.
This may go far towards reconciling the dis crepancies of the common law and civil law as to what law is to govern in regard to con tracts. But at common law the main ques tion in deciding where a person has his domicil is to decide where he has his home and where he exercises his political Legal residence, inhabitancy, and domicil are generally used as synonymous. 1 Bradt Surr. N. Y. 70 ; 1 Harr. Del. 383 ; 1 Spenc. N. J. 328 ; 2 Rich. So. C. 489 ; 10 N. H. 452. 3 Wash. C. C. 555 ; 15 Mees. & W. Exch. 433; 23 Pick. Mass. 170 ; 5 Mete. Mass. 298 ; 4 Barb. N. Y. 505 ; 7 Gray, Mass. 299. But much depends on the connection and purpose. 1 Wend. N. Y. 43 ; 5 Pick. Mass. 231; 17 id. 231 ; 15 Me: 58.
4. Two things must concur to establish domicil,—the fact of residence and the in tention of remaining. These two must exist or must have existed in combination. 8 Ala. N. s. 159 ; 4 Barb. N. Y. 504; 6 How. 163; Story, Confl. Laws, 144 ; 17 Pick. Mass. 231 ; 27 Miss. 704; 15 N. H. 137. There must have been an actual residence. 11 La. 175 ; 5 Mete. Mass. 587 ; 20 Johns. N. Y. 208; 12 La. 190;
1 Binn. Penn. 349. The character of the residence is of no importance, 8 Me. 203 ; 1 Speers, Eq. So. C. 3 ; 5 Eng. L. & Eq. 52; and if it has once existed, mere temporary absence will not destroy it, however long continue& 7 Clark & F. Hou. L. 842 ; 13 Beay. Rolls, 366 ; 43 Me. 426 ; 3 BradL Surr. N. Y. 267 ; 29 Ala. N. s. 703 ; 4 Tex. 187 ; 3 Me. 455 ; 8 id. 103 ; 10 Pick. Mass. 79 ; 3 N. H. 123 ; 3 Wash. C. C. 555, as in the case of a soldier in the army. 36 Me. 428 ; 4 Barb. N. Y. 522. And the law favors the presumption of a continu ance of domicil. 5 Ves. Ch. 750 ; 5 Madd. Ch. 379 ; 5 Pick. Mass. 370; 1 Ashm. Penn. 126; Wall. Jr. C. C. 217 ; 1 Bosw. N. Y. 673 ; 21 Penn. St. 106. The original domicil continues till it is fairly changed for another, 5 Ves. Ch. 750, 757 ; 5 Madd. Ch. 232, 370 ; 10 Pick. Mass. 77 ; Story, Conti. Laws, 481 a, n.; 8 Ala. N. s. 169 ; 13 id. 58 ; 18 id. 367 ; 2 Swan, Tenn. 232 ; 1 Tex. 673 ; 1 Woodb. & M. C. C. 8. 15 Me. 58 ; Wall. Jr. C. C. 11; 10 N. H. 156, and revives on an intention to return. 1 Curt. Eccl. 856 ; 19 Wend. N. Y. 11 ; 8 Crouch, 278 ; 3 C. Rob. Adm. 12 ; 3 Wheat. 14 ; 8 Ala. N. s. 159 ; 3 Rawle, Penn. 312; 1 Gall. C. C. 275 ; 4 Mae. C. C. 308 ; 8 Wend. N Y. 134. This principle of revival, how ever, is said not to apply where both domicile are domestic. 5 Madd. Ch. 379 ; Am. Lead. Cas. 714.
5. Mere taking up residence is not suffi cient, unless there he an intention to abandon former domicil. 1 Speers, So. C. 1; 6 Mees. & W. Exch. 511; 5 Me. 143 ; 10 Mass. 488 ; 1 Curt. Eccl. 856 ; 4 Cal. 175 ; 2 Ohio, 232; 5 Sandf. N. Y. 44. Nor is intention of con stituting domicil alone, unless accompanied by some acts in furtherance of such intention. 5 Pick. Mass. 370; 1 Bosw. N. Y. 673 ; 5 Md. 186. A subsequent intent may be grafted on a temporary residence. 2 C. Rob. Adm. 322. Removal to a place with an intention of re maining there for an indefinite period and as a place of fixed present domicil, constitutes domicil, though there be a floating intention to return. 2 Bos. & P. 228 ; 3 Itagg. Eccl. 374. Both inhabitancy and intention are to a great extent matters of fact, and may be gathered from slight indications. 17 Pick. Mass. 231; 4 Cush. Mass. 190 ; 1 Mete. Mass. 242 ; 5 id. 587 ; 1 Sneed, Tenn. 63. The place where a person lives is presumed to be the place of domicil until facts establish the contrary. 2 Bos. & P. 228, n.; 2 Kent, Comm. 532.