FELONY.
S. A private person who is present when a felony is committed, 1 Mood. 93 ; 3 Wend. N. Y. 353 ; 12 Ga. 293 ; or during the coin mission of a breach of the peace, 10 Clark & F. Hou. L. 28 ; 1 Crompt. M. & R. Exch. 757 ; 25 Vt. 261, may and should arrest the felon, and may upon reasonable suspicion that the person arrested is the felon, if a felony has been committed, 4 Taunt. 34, 35 ; 1 Price, Exch. 525; but in defence to an action he must allege and prove the offence to have been committed, 1 'Woes. & W. Exch. 516 ; 2 id. 10 id. 105 ; 2 Q. B. 375 : 11 id. 311 ; 6 Carr. & P. 723, 684 ; 2 Bingh. 523 ; 6 Term, 315 ; 6 Barnew. & C. 638 ; 3 Wend. N. Y. 353 ; 5 Cush. Mass. 281 ; and also reasonable grounds for suspecting the person arrested. 1 Holt, 478 ; 3 Campb. 35 ; 4 Taunt. 34 ; 9 C. B. 141 ; 2 Q. B. 169 ; 1 Term, 493 ; 5 Bingh. N. C. 722 ; 1 Eng. L. & Eq. 566 •, 25 id. 550 ; 6 Barb. N. Y. 84 ; 9 Penn. St. 137 ; 6 Binn. Penn. 316 ; 6 Blackf. Ind. 406 ; 18 Ala. 195 ; 6 .id. 196 ; 5 Humphr, Tenn. 357 ; 12 Pick. Mass. 324 ; 4 Wash. C. C. 82. And Dee Strobh. So. C. 546 ; 8 Watts & S. Penn. 308; 2 Carr. & P. 361. 563 ; 1 Bennett & H. Lead. Cas. 143-157. As to arrest to prevent the commission of crimes, see 2 Bos. & P. 260 ; 9 Carr. & P. 262. As to arrest by hue and cry, see HUE AND CRY. As to arrest by mili tary officers, see 7 How. 1.
Who liable to. Any person is liable to ar rest for crime, except ambassadors and their servants. 3 Mass. 197 ; 4 id. 29 ; 27 Vt. 762.
9. When and where it may be made. An arrest may be made at night as well as by day ; and for treason, felony, breach of the peace, or generally for an indictable offence, on Sunday as well as on other days. 16 Mees.
& W. 172 ; 2 Ell. & B. 717 ; 13 Mass. 547 ; 24 Me. 158. And the officer may break open doors even of the criminal's own house, 10 Cush. Masa. 501 ; 14 B. Monr. Ky. 305; as may a private person in fresh pursuit, under circumstances which authorize him to make an arrest. 4 Blackstone, Comm. 293.
It must be made within the jurisdiction of th3 court under whose authority the officer acts, 1 Hill, N. Y. 377 ; 2 Cranch, 187 ; 8 Vt. 194 ; 3 Harr. Del. 416 ; and see 4 Maule & S. 361 ; 1 Barnew. & C. 288 ; and jurisdic 'tion for this purpose can be extended to foreign countries only by virtue of treaties or express laws of those countries. 1 Bishop, Crim. Law, 598 ; Wheaton, Int. Law, 177 ; 10 Serg. & R, Penn. 125 ; 12 Vt. 631 ; 1 Woodb. & M. C. C. 66 ; 1 Barb. N. Y. 248 ; 1 Park. Crim. N. Y. 108, 429. And see, as between thg states of the United States, 5 How. 215 ; 5 Mete. Mass. 536 ; 4 Day, Conn. 121 ; R. M. Charlt. Ga. 120 ; 2 Humphr. Tenn. 258.
10. Manner of making. An officer au thorized to make an arrest, whether by war rant or from the circumstances, may use necessary force, 9 Port. Ala. 195 ; 3 Hart. Del. 568 ; 24 Me. 158 ; 35 id. 472 ; 16 Barb. N. Y. 268 ; 4 Cush. Mass. 60 ; 7 Blackf. Ind. 64 ; 2 Ired. No. C. 52 ; 4 Barnew. & C. 596 ; 6 Dowl. & R. 623 ; may kill the felon if he cannot otherwise be taken, see 7 Carr. & P. 140 ; 2 Mood. & R. 39 ; and so may a pri vate person in making an arrest which he is enjoined to make, 4 Sharswood, Blackst. Comm. 293 ; and if the officer or private per son is killed, in such case it is murder.