WARRANTY. In Inaurance. A stipulation or agreement on the part of the insured party, in the nature of a condition. I 'An express warranty is a particular stipu lation introduced into the written contract by the agreement of the parties.
An implied warranty is an agreement which necessarily results from the nature of the contract: as, that the ship shall be sea worthy when she sails on the voyage insured.
2. An express warranty usually appears in the form of a condition, expressed or directly implied in the phraseology of the policy, stipulating that certain facts are or shall be true, or certain acts are or shall be dam by the assured, who by accepting the insurance ratifies the stipulation.
Where the stipulation relates wholly to the future, it is a promissory condition or war ranty. 1 Phillips, Ins. 754.
An express warranty must be strictly com plied with; and the assured is not permitted to allege, in excuse for non-compliance, that the risk was not thereby affected, since the parties have agreed that the stipulated fact or act shall be the basis of the contract, Bouvier, inst. Index ; 1 Phillips, Ins. 755, unless compliance is rendered- illegal by a subsequent statute. 1 Phillips, Ins. 769.
3. The more frequent express warranties in marine policies are--time of sailing, and, in time of hostilities, the national character of the insured subject, and neutral insignia and conduct. In fire and life policies they are quite numerous, comprehending all the facts stated by the applicant in his applica tion when incorporated, as it usually is, into the policy and expressly contracted by refer ence. In fire insurance, express reference is often made to the charter of the company, especially in mutual companies, and, in such companies, to rules and regulations, and con ditions indorsed upon the policy. 1 Phillips, Ins. ff 28, 63, 64. A policy of insurance, no less than any other contract, is subject to the condition against fraud.
4. The doctrine of the divers warranties and conditions in the different species of insurance has been the subject of a great mass of jurisprudence : viz.,— In fire policies, with reference to assign ments of the insured property, or the policy, 15 Barb. N. Y. 413 ; 23 id. 628 ; 25 id. 189 ; Hill & D. N. Y. 101,1.33 ; 17 N. Y. 424, 509 ; 6 Gray, Mass. 160 ; 30 Penn. St. 311 ; 26
Conn. 165 ; 3 Dutch. N. J. 163 ; 25 Ala. 355 ; 1 Sliced, Tenn. 444 ; 19 Eng. L. & Eq. 283 ; 22 id. 73 ; conformity to charter, 32 N. H. 313 ; 8 Cush. Mass. 393 ; 1 Wall. 273 ; 25 N. H. 359 ; condition of the premises, in. eluding construction, locality, and inanner Df using, 14 Barb. N. Y. 383 ; 16 id. 119; 21 id. 154 ; 6 N. Y. 469 ; 8 id. 370, 530, 554 ; 10 id. 469 ; 17 id. 94 ; 18 id. 168, 385 ; 1 Bosw. 520 ; 6 Du. N. Y. 6 ; 8 Cush. Mass. 79 ; 1 Gray, Mass. 426 ; 2 id. 221 ; 3 id. 53 ; 5 id. 384 ; 6 id. 185 ; 7 id. 257 ; 31 N. 11. 231 ; 2 Curt. C. C. 610 ; 10 Rich. So. C. 202 ; 4 Ohio St. 285 ; 27 Penn. St. 325 ; 30 id. 299, 315 ; 4 R. I. 141 ; 37 Eng. L. & E9. 561 ; 38 id. 337 ; distance of other buildings, 7 N. Y. 153 ; 18 id. 376 ; 6 Gray, Mass. 105 ; 7 id. 261 ; frauds, 28 N. H. 149, 157 ; 2 Ohio St. 452 ; kind of risk, 25 N. H. 550 ; 3 Md. 341 ; 3 McLean, C. C. 324 ; 26 Eng. L. & Eq. 238 ; limiting right of action, 26 N. H.. ; 27 Vt. 99 ; 5 Gray, Mass. 432 ; 6 id. 174, 185, 596 ; 7 id. 61, 89 ; 6 Ohio, 599 ; 5 R. I. 394 ; 24 Ga.97 ; notice and demand, 18 Barb. N.Y. 59 ; 20 id. 468 ; 33 N. H. 203, and proof of loss, 8 Cush. Mass. 393 ; 2 Gray, Mass. 480 ; 28 Barb. N. Y. 412 ; 11 N. Y. 81 ; 29 Penn. St. 198 ; 18 Ill. 553 ; 6 Ind. 137 ; 5 id. 417 ; 5 Sneed, Tenn. 139 ; 20 Eng. L. & Eq. 541, 590 ; other insurance, 14 Barb. N. Y. 206 ; 20 id. 635 ; 13 N. Y. 79, 253 ; 17 id. 415, 609 ; 22 C01111. 575 ; 5 Md. 165 ; 16 N. H. 203 ; 26 id. 169 ; 33 id. 9 ; 37 Me. 137 ; 9 Cush. Mass. 479 ; 10 id. 350 ; 11 id. 265 ; 2 Gray, Mass. 397 ; 4 id. 237 ; 5 id. 52 ; 6 id. 169 ; 4 N. J. 447 ; 26 Penn. St. 199 ; 21 Mo. 97 ; payment of premium, 18 Barb. N. Y. 541 ; 20 id. 458 ; 25 id. 189 ; suspension of risk, 11 N. Y. 89 ; 33 N. H. 9 ; 43 Me. 393 ; title, 1 Curt. C. C. 193 ; 1 Cush. Mass. 280 ; 8 id. 127 ; 10 id. 446, 540 ; 2 Gray, Mass. 334 ; 5 id. 52, 384 ; 9 id. 370 ; 25 N. H. 550 ; 28 id. 143 ; 30 id. 153 ; 31 id. 231 ; 17 Mo. 247 ; 18 id. 128 ; 22 Conn. 575 ; 23 Penn. St. 50 ; 17 Mo. 247 ; 18 id. 128 ; 21 id. 587 ; 40 Me. 587 ; 41 id. 208 ; 42 id. 22 ; 22 Barb. N. Y. 527 ; 25 id. 497 ; 14 N. Y. 253 ; 5 Du. N. Y. 101 ; value, 11 Cush. Mass. 324 ; waiver of compliance with a warranty. 4 N. J. 67 ; 6 Gray, Mass. 192.