Ciachonidinc, melting point, 200.5° C.; soluble in chloroform and in alcohol. It is lawo-rotatory (i.e., its solutions turn the plane of polarized light to the left ). it is found along with quinine in cinchona bark.
Cinchonine, (hence, isomeric with einchonidine) ; melting point, about 240° C.; sparingly soluble in chloroform and in hot alco hol. It is dextro-rotatory and is fonnd in cin chona bark.
Cocaine, C„1-1„,N0,; melting point, 98° C.; soluble in alcohol and in ether; sparingly soluble in water. It produces local anesthesia when in jected subcutaneously or applied to mucous membranes. It is found in coca, or cuea, the leaves of Erythroxylon coca Lamarck.
Codeine, melting point, 155° C.; soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether. With strong sulphuric acid and chloride of iron it gives a blue coloration. It is one of the alka loids contained in opium.
Colehicine, melting point, 145° C.; soluble in water, alcohol and chloroform. It im parts to strong nitric acid a violet color which gradually turns brown. It is the active prin ciple of colchicum root, the corm of Colchicum a at ts mita /c ConZinc, C,H:7-N; boiling point, 168.5° C.; solu ble in alcohol. ether, and chloroform; sparingly soluble in water. Its aqueous solution gives a brown precipitate with a. solution of iodine. Coniine has dextro-rotatory power. It is the active principle of hemlock, the fruit of Coniunt marulat UM Li n n6.
Curarine. (or CionnN ; a yellow powder. soluble in water and in alcohol ; turns purple if treated with strong hydrochloric acid. It is the active principle of the South American arrow poison curare, which is made from cer tain plants, including species of Strychnos. Daturine, see Atropine, above.
Emetine, (or ?) ; melting point, 62°-65° C.; soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform; gives with a solution of sodium molybdate in strong sulphuric acid a brown coloration which turns blue on addition of hy drochloric acid. It is the active principle of ipecac, the root of CepkaNis ipccaruanha.
Eserine, or Physostigminc, melt ing point, 40°-45° C.; soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform; bleaching powder colors its solution red, but the color disappears again on addition of an excess of bleaching powder. It is
the active principle of Calabar bean, the seed of Physostigma renenosum. Balfour.
Hyoscyaminc, melting point, I08.5° C.; soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and chloro form; gives a purple color with strong nitric acid. By the action of caustic alkalies it is readily transformed into the alkaloid atropine (see above). Hyoseyamine is found in many plants of the natural order Solanaccee; e.g., in henbane, the leaves and flowering tops of Hyos eyamus niger Linne, and in the leaves of Atropa belladonna Linne.
Alorphine, C,711,9-1CO.,; melting point, 230° C.; It may be extracted from alkaline solutions by means of chloroform. With strong nitric acid it gives a blood-red. coloration that gradually turns yellow. It is one of the constituents of opium.
Muscarine, ; a liquid soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in ether and chloroform. It is found in the fly fungus, Am. anita masearia.
Xarccine, melting point, 145.2° C.; sparingly soluble in the ordinary solvents. A solution of sodium molybdate in strong sul phuric acid gives a green coloration that turns dark-red. It is one of the constituents of opium, and resembles morphine in its physiological ac tion.
Nareotine, melting point, 176°; soluble in chloroform, less soluble in hot alco hol and ether. Its solutions are 1:two-rotatory, but when acidified turn the plane of polarized light to the right. It is one of the constituents of opium.
Nicotine, boiling point, 241° C.; soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; its smell and taste are like those of tobacco. With hydro chloric acid it gives a violet coloration that turns orange on addition of nitric acid; with iodine solutions it gives a yellow precipitate. It is the active principle of tobacco, the dried leaves of Yieotiana tabacum; tobacco smoke, however, contains no nicotine.
Paparerine, melting point, 147° C.; soluble in hot alcohol and in chloroform; gives a violet coloration with strong sulphuric acid. It is found in opium.