CARE or THE lloasE. Careless and improper feeding and watering are responsible for most of the digestive disorders with the horse may be troubled. With the horse, digestion takes place principally in the intestines, and in select ing food for a horse the anatomical arrangement of its digestive organs and the physiological func tions they perform should be carefully studied. All food should be wholesome and clean; the animal should be fed regularly, and because of his small stomach. in small quantities. and fre quently. .\ horse should never be fed too soon after a hard dav's work. Be may be given a small quantity of hay, but one or two hours should elapse before he gets his regular meal. When it is contemplated to change the food, care should be taken to make the change very gradually. and in any ease. the quantity of food given must he in a direct proportion to the :'in aunt. of labor per formed. Should the horse stand several days in the stably, his food should be of a more nature. Thy following foods are considered the best: The best hay for horses is 'timothy,' hut care should be taken that it is about. one year old. of a greenish color. and possessing a sweet aroma. _\ horse feel on grain should be allowed from ten to twelve pounds of good hay a day. Straw should not be fed unless cut and mixed with hay and crushed grain. Wheat and rye chaff should never be used. Of the grain foods, oats easily take the precedence. The hest oats are one vear old, plump, short, hard, bright, and . sweet. They are given either whole or crushed. A fair allowalwe tor the average horse is about twelve quarts of good oats a day. Wheat and rye should not be used except in small quantities and mixed with other grains or hay, The bran of wheat is the dam most used, although its value variously estimated. It is always fed with other grains and tends to keep the bowels open. laize or corn is not suitable as an exclusive food for young horses, owing to its deficiency in salts. ('urn till thy cob is generally used as food for horses affected with •lampas.' It is better given ground, and fed in quantities of from one to two quarts at a meal, mixed with crushed oat, or bran, is ocd•asionally fed with other foods to improve the eondition of the skin and keel) the bowels open. It is of service during eonvalescenee. Steamed or boiled roots and potatoes are frequently used as an article of food, but earrots make the hest diet. partieularly during sickness. d!rass is the natural food of the horse, but it is not sullieient to keep it in condition for work. The amount of water re quired by the horse varies according to the char acter of his food: lint roundly stated, about eight quarts a day will be a fair average. When rest
ing, water should he given three times a day; when at work, more frequently. The very preva lent impression that when a horse is warm he should not he allowed to drink is ycry erroneous. No matter how warm a horse may be, it is always safe In allow him from six to ten swallows of water. The danger is not in the water, but in the excessi‘e quantity that the animal will take When warm, if not restrained. It should never be given when ice-cold!. A water-trough should always he placed in suet) position that the sun may shine on it during the winter mornings.
Illimiocnxenv. Janssen, Ilir Pferderassen der Gearnicart (Wandsbek. ISS1): Flower, The Horse, a SItaly in Natural History (London, 1S91) : SimonolT and 'Alocrder, I,rs races chrra. lines, arer vile audc sur les eh era ux asses ( Paris, / 891) : Schwa rzneeker, leassen, Zuehlung und nothing des l'frrdes (3(1 ed., Ber lin, 1894).
Varieties: all Hays, The Prreheran, Horse, translated (New York, 18811) ; I)es Farges, Rare Horses, translated (London, 18901; Bruce, The Thoroughbred Horse (New York, 1892) ; The Arabian Horse, His Country and People (Edinburgh, 18931: \Vallee, The Horse of .1 mer ice in His Derivation, History, and Drrelopment (Ne• York, 18971; Hayes, Antony Horses in Rus sia (London. 19001: 1Vasser, The Horses of the World's .1rntics, United Serrier, series 3, yol. i. (New York. 1902).
l'oints: Coubaux and Barrier, Vezlericur du rheral 1 Pa ris, ISS2-8.1); Das :Irtasscre des und seine feller ( St uttga rt . 1885 ) ; .111111er, totom Est cricur des l'frrdes (Sth ed. Vienna. 1895) ; Hayes, i'oinfs of the Horse (Lon don. 1s971.
BrredHay, Cure, and Training: Leisering and Hart mann. Der Fuss des l'ferdes in Thieksieht auf !fan. I f rrieh hinge?? and II fbesehiag 1s701; ( larks. llorsrs' Tceth (New' York. 18813): y. The Horse. flow to Breed and Rear Him la. I.. I '001 Horse Breeding (Cliiengo.
: haves, /thrstruttcr //once-Breaking (Lon don. IsS9) : Road, Track, and Staid,. (Boston. 1892) ; Alarvin, 7'raining the Trolling (a. p.. 1S93) ; and for bibliography, Huth. Works on Horses and Equitation, a Bibliographi al Record (London. ISS7). HORSE. A miner's term, applied to any in truded material which is the apparent cause of a sudden interruption in the continuity of a mineral that is being quarried, as when a dike of igneous rock cuts across an ore body. In vein-mining a detached mass of rock or spar which fills the vein is called a horse, while col liers apply the term to the shale which replaces the coal-bed, as well as to such interruptions as seem to have been the channels of small streams, and which were subsequently filled up by the clay that formed the roof of the coal.