HUFELAND, CHRISTOP11 W1L BEIM ( 1762-1836). A German physician, horn at Langensalza in Thuringia. He studied medi cine at Jena. and Giittingen, was professor of medicine at Jena from 1793 to 1798, was physi cian in ordinary at the Court of Weimar, and re sided at Berlin from 1798, where he was pro fessor of therapeutics and pathology from the foundation of the university in 1810. He had a sery high reputation for learning and skill as a physician, and he was equally esteemed for his intellectual abilities, and his noble and benev olent character. Ills published works are nu merous, chiefly on medical and physiological sub jects. His Jlakrobiotik, or the Art of Prolong ing Life (1796), was translated into almost all the languages of Europe. Among his most im portant works are: Ueber die 17i-sachem Erkennt nis and licilart der Skrofclkrankheit (1795) ; (Inter Rath an Mutter iibrr din usiehtigstrn Panicle der physischrn Erzichang der Kinder (1799); and Enchiridion Nedicum (1836).
HiiFFER, buffer. HERMANN ( 1830— ). A German historian and jurist, born at Miinst.er, and educated at Bonn and Berlin. Pe was ap pointed professor of jurisprudence at Bonn in 1860, and in 1884 was made Privy Councilor. From 1867 to 1870 he was a member of the North German Besides his main work. Dip lomatisehc Vcrhandlungen aus tier franzusisehen Perolut ion ( 1868-79), the following may be mentioned: Quencn zur Geschichic des Zeitalters der franziisischen Revolution (part i.. dealing with the years 1799-1800. 1900-91) ; Rheinisch westfalisehe Zustfinde zar Zeit der franzosisehen Revolution (1873) ; Der Rastatter Gcsandtenmord (18911) ; and the literary writings: A us dem Leben Heinrich Wines (1878) ; Zu Gorthes Cam pagne in.Frankreich (188:3) : Annette ran Droste Ilfilshaff and ihrc TVerke (1887-90) : and A. L. Meneken, der Grossvotcr des Fiirsten von Bis marck (1800).
HUG, lii75g, JOHANN LEONHARD ( 1765-1816).
A Roman Catholic scholar. lie was born at Con stance, dune 1, 1765, studied at Freiburg, and in I7s9 entered into priest's orders. In 1791 lie was appointed professor of Oriental languages and of the Old Testament at Freiburg, and in of the New Testament also. The inost important
fruit of his biblical researches was his /ntrodue lion to the • Testament (MS; 4th ed. 1847; Lng. trans., London. 15•7. New York, ISA)). His great eminence as a biblical scholar led to his being called on to take part in the arrangement of the newly organized studies of several Ger man universities, as at Breslau, in 1811 ; at Loon. in 1816; at 'llibingen, in 1817; and again at Bonn, Isis, and 1831. lle died March II, 1846. Among his untranslated works are Dc ntiquitalc rodicis Vat icumr Cominentatio (IMO) ; Das Lied (1813): Dc Pentateuch( crsione I it .raml mut Con:mental ha ; (hitachten (Jur drys Lchen Jcsu, k•itisch hear belle) eon D. Pr. Strauss ( 1 S35 ) ; and several on subjects of classical criticism, especially an in teresting uork on the ancient mythologies (1S12). Consult A. Maier, Gedii•htnissrude au% Hug ( Frei burg, 1847).
hu'gtl. KARL Ait:xvxnEtt ANSELM, Freiherr von (1796-1870). An Austrian soldier, traveler, and naturalist, born at. Regensburg. Ile visited Greece, Crete. and Cyprus, examined the ruins of Palmyra and Baalbek. made numer ous journeys through Syria and Palestine, and arrived al Bombay in 1832. Thereupon he tra versed the greater part of the Deccan, ascended the Nil-Gherria range. undertook thorough geo graphical researches in Ceylon, and in 1833 shipped from Madras to Australia (then New Holland). Ile returned to India (Calcutta) by way of the Philippines, penetrated through Iten gal to the Tibetan frontier. and reached Vienna early in 1837. lie contributed papers regarding his expedition to Austrian scientific publications and to the Journal of the Royal Geographical So ciety of London, and wrote also: kasehatir and etas Ileich der I 4 vols., IS40-42); Das Kabul bccken cols., ; and Der Stine (Lion ntal die spaninehen llesitzunyen fin ostindisehen „Irehipei (1860). Other seholars, among them Ileekel, Feltz!, and Scludt, also pre pared the results of his scientific collections. Ile obtained a European reputation as a horti culturist. an41 founded and breams president of the 1ustrian Horticultural Society.