HIDE (AS. hid, higcd, high!, from ONorthum brian begun. AS. Taiwan, members of a family). In Anglo-Saxon law, the family estate, corre sponding to the /tuba of early Germanic law. It eonsisted apparently of a farm, or allotment, of definite extent, though its size varied greatly at direrent periods of German and English history. The normal hide at the time of the Conquest was 120 news. But the term does not seem to have been employed to denote a unit of land measure-. meal, but a definite parcel of Land in the nature of a homestead, owned in severalty by the head of a family. As such, however, it was used by the Saxon kings as a unit of taxation, the amount assessed on each hide being known as hide-gild. After the Conquest the term gradually changes its meaning and comes to designate a measure of land, lint its signification is not free from ob scurity at any period of its history. Sec Pollock and Maitland, History of English Lou' (2d ed., Boston, 1899) ; Stubbs, Constitutional History of England (Oxford, 1880) ; Jenks, Law and Polities in the Middle .4 firs (New York, 1898) ; Seebohm, English. Village Community; Maitland, Domes. day Book and Bcyond.
HIDEYOSHt, Tovo•ostt (1536 98). A Japanese warrior and statesman. the son of a peasant. Be was born in the village of Na. kamura. Aiehi Ken. province of Owari, in 1536; became groom to Nobunaga (q.v.). who made him a soldier. He speedily distinguished himself by his military talents. and in 1575 was by No bunaga created lord of Chikuzen, and was al lowed to change his family name to Hash iba. On the death of Nobunaga in 1582 he
took such vigorous action that lie became in 15811 the practical ruler of the Empire cinder the title of Knambaku. or regent. a high office that had been reserved exclusively for of the Fuliwara (q.v.) family. In 1591 lie nominally retired in favor of his son Ilidetsugu, taking, as was customary in such circumstances. the title of lcikv hence popularly known as TaikO-saina. In he dispatched a large army to Korea to eon quer it as a preliminary step in the conquest of China. hut the expedition met with disaster. the Emperor of China having sent a large army to the assistance of the Koreans, and after his death at Iiioto in 1508 it was rec.:111441. with the conduct and teachings of the Jesuits, he or de•ed their expulsion. but no steps were taken to carry out this edict until 1596, when several Franciscan priests, Jesuits, and native Christians were cru•ified at Nagasaki. A monument in his honor was erected at Iiioto ill 1896. Ile had many names; Toyotoini he received from the Emperor. Iris posthumous name is Toyokuni. Consult: Adams, of ,Japan. (London, 1874) ; Ben ing, Life of llideyoslii (Tokio. 1889) ; (1rillis. The. Hikado's Empire (New York. 1900) ; and Brink ley, Japan, Its History, Arts, and Literature (S vols., beautifully illustrated. Boston, 1901.02).