HUN'GARY, or, officially, THE LANns or 1 M.. 111, CnowN. A kingdom of Central Europe. constituting one of the units in the dual of Austria-Hungary. It occupies a compact. area of 1.25,0:19 square miles, compris ing Hungary proper, with Transylvania and the erownlands of Croatia and Slavonia and Eitime, which are united to thing:try. but have more or less independent administrations. The Lands of the Hungarian Crown are often designated as Transleithania, or the country beyond the Leitha. the Austrian half of the monarchy being called ('isleithania, or the country on this side of tie Leitlia, the Leitha being a small river which forms a part of the boundary between the two divisions. The Hungarian name of the country is Alagyarorszag (proniiiinced varal'y5r ,".r'sllig), the 'land of the :Nlagya•s' (Hungari ans) ; the German name is Ungarn. The king dom of Hungary, exclush,• of Croatia and Sla vonia, has the torn of an oval with its longest axis lying east and west along the parallel of 46 N. It is encompassed for tweethirds of its perimeter by the broad eerie of the Carpathian _Mountains, which, beginning at the Hamitic a short distance below the Austro-Hungarian capi tal, Vienna, extend northeast, then east, then s, lithe:1st and south, and finally west, forming great wall on the side of Aloravia. Bu kowina, and Plimania. On the west Iltingary pr(qwr borders 1 1,11M er and Styria, and on the south, for a distance of about 100 miles. 011 Servia. from which it is separated by the Dannhe. Southwest of Hungary proper, and separated from it by the Drave and the Danube, the Iler(ndent 1:ingdoni of Croatia and Sla vonia, 1 great part of whose southern limindlary is formed by the save. separating it from Basnia and Servia. Croatia his a coastline 1111 the Adri atic, and on an arm of this sea is Hungary's busy port of Fiume.
Toe(a.lc%eliv. The two great orographie fea tures of Hungary :ire the Carpathians and the vast plains whieh they inclose in their broad sweep of about SOO miles. Croatia and Slavonia
are traversed by the eastern offshoots of the Alps. The Carpathians spread out laterally in minor ranges, and a large portion of 'Transylvania, in the extreme east of the Kingdom. is eovered by them. The loftiest portions of the Carpathians are the High Tatra range in the north and the Transyhanian Alps in the southeast, which rise in peaks over 8000 feet idiot e the sea. The culminating point of the Iligh Tatra is the t:erlsdorferspitze, ti737 feet. arpathians, abut e their densely wen dud lower slopes, pre sent /111 imposing aspect, with their naked granite peaks. on whose summits but little snow ro•st h•ough the winter. The great stretch of monist onously le‘el land in the central and southern parts of Hungary proper is di% bled into the Little 11 ungarin n and the rea t lluug,u•i:ut plains. The Little Hungarian Plain (1Xis-.11 lid(I) in the northwest comprises an area of about 5000 square a elevation of 150 feet. .1 portion of its surface is swampy, lint for the most part it is exceedingly fertile. The ((real Hungarian Plain (.111.1(li, which is the basis of Hungary's agricultural wealth, and the principal seat of the Alagya• nationality, lies in the centre of the country between tin+ Danube and the northeastern highlands. It covets an area of nearly 10,00o square miles. :Ind lies at an aver age elevation of 3•.1 feet above the sea. Its sur f:ice has a very gradual slope from north to south. Low hills of bless and sand. with deep, swampy hollows, lend the only appearance of relief. The surface is to a great extent t n•e less. The soil, espeeially in the broad alluvial lands, is exceedingly fertile. lit spite of its monotony, the .11f:11], with its interminable ex panse, its boundless field. and wide-spreading villages, its great herds of cattle and of horses. and its picturesque types of peasants, herdsmen, and fishermen. is a region replete with interest for the traveler, and with poetical charm for its