Hymns of modern days seem to have been pro duced by small groups of men representing some movement or belief. (a) The missionary move ment produced James Montgomery (1771-1854) as its first hymn-writer and Reginald Heber ( 1783 1S26) as its ablest. Both produced many hymns other than missionary. (b) The Oxford move ment was characterized by its hymnological pro ductions, as well as its works of devotion and ar gument. John Keble (1792-1866), with his Chris tian Year, Frederick William Faber (1814-1863), Edward Caswall (1814-78). John Henry Newman (1801-90), author of "Lead, kindly light," and Isaac Williams (1802-65) were the singers of this group. Their work evinced not only a deep piety. but an unsurpassed scholarly finish. (c) The Sunday-school movement has produced a great many hymns. Among the first publications was William Batchelder Bradbury's Golden Chain (New York, 1861). (d) The evangelistic movement of Messrs. Moody and Sankey brought into the Church a class of hymns entirely differ ent from those produced by any other movement. Many were not of high order, in fact were a dis grace to the Church, hut they were so widely used that this article would be incomplete without a notice of them. Beginning with Select Hymns, The Gospel Hymns in six numbers (1375-95) were followed by hymn-books whose name is legion and whose copies are millions. The most volu minous writer of this movement has been 'Fanny Crosby' (Mrs. Frances Jane [Crosby] Van Al stine). (e) The Salvation Army has not added much to the hymnology of the Church: it has, however. changed the class of music used, and not for the better.
In an article of this kind there must of neces sity be many omissions. Only a few of the great est hymn-writers can be mentioned. Four women have written hymns any one of which is worth a lifetime to produce. Mrs. Sarah Flower Adams (1805-48), "Nearer. My God, to Thee;" Miss Charlotte Elliot (1789-1871), "Just as I am without one plea ;" Miss Plia!be Cary (1824-71), "One sweetly solemn thought:" and Mrs. Phoebe 11. Brown (1783-1861), "1 Love to Steal Awhile Away." The Unitarians have produced some re markable hymn-writers, such as John Pierpout (1785-1866), Henry Ware, Jr. (1794-1843), Wil liam Bourne Oliver Peabody (1744-1847), William Cullen Bryant (1794-1874), the Longfellows (Henry Wadsworth, 1807-82, and Samuel, 1819 b2),Edinund Hamilton Sears (1810.76),Theodore Parker (1810-60), Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch (1809-70), James Thomas Fields (1817-81), and Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823-1. The Protestant Episcopal Church has to offer the names of Bishop George Washington Doane (1799-1859), Bishop Phillips Brooks (1835-93), Bishop George Burgess (1819-66), and the Rev. Dr. William Augustus 3luhlenberg (1796-1879). The Presbyterian Church has the names of Sam uel Occam (1723-92), Samuel Davies (1723-61), Thomas Hastings (1784-1872), the Alexanders (James Waddell. 1804-59, Joseph Addison, 1809 60), Thomas Mackellar (1312- ), Mrs. Elizabeth
Prentiss (1818-78), and Charles Seymour Robin son (1829-99), the compiler of Songs for the Sanctuary and Laudes Domini. The Congre gationalists have enrolled the names of Tim othy Dwight (1752-1817), Joel Barlow (1755 1812), Nehemiah Adams (1806-7S), Ray Palm er (1808-87), author of the immortal "My faith looks up to Thee." Henry Martin Dexter (1821-90), Jeremiah Eames Rankin (1828-1, and Horatio Richmond Palmer (1834-). The Baptists furnish a long list with the names of Oliver Holden (1765-1344), Adonirani .Judson (1788-1850), Mrs. Lydia Sigourney (1791-1865). Robert Lowrie (1826-1, William Howard Doane (1831-1, and Samuel Francis Smith (180S-95), author of "My country, 'tis of thee." The Methodists produced the first hymnologist of the American Church, David Creamer (born 1812). His Methodist Hymnology ap peared in New York in 1848. Other Methodist hymn-writers are Miss Hannah Flagg Gould (17S9-1S65), Thomas Hewlings Stockton (180S CS), William Hunter (1811-1877), Thomas (ls rntind Summers (1S12-82), Robert Arthur West (1809-66), President William Fairfield Warren (1833-1. and Professor Caleb Thomas Winches ter (1847-). Other American hymn-writers are John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-92). Hosea Bal lou (1771-1552), Edwin Hubbell Chapin (1814 SO), Charles Dexter Cleveland (1802-69), Miss Lucy Larcom (1826-93). Mrs. Emily Miller (1833-). The later writers of the Church of England include the names of Christopher Words worth (1807-85), Henry Alford (1810-71), John Samuel Bewiey Monsen (1811-75), William Josiah Irons (1812-S3). Arthur Penrhyn Stan ley (1315-81). John Mason Neale (1818-66). Sir Henry Williams Baker (1821-77), Edward Hayes Plumptre (1821-911. John Ellerton 0826-93). William Walsham How (1823-97), and Samuel John Stone (1839-1. and these are only a few of many. Other English writers of note are Horatius Bonar (1808-901. Frances Ridley Havergal (1836 ;9). James Drummond Burns (1823-64). Thomas Tokc Lynch (181S-71). Norman Macleod (1812 72), Andrew Young (1807-89). John Burton (1803-77), Henry Francis lyte (1793-1847), Sir Edward Denny (1796-1889). Josiah Conder (1789-1855), henry Kirke White (17S5-1806), Sir Robert Grant (17S5-183S). Bernard Barton (17S4-1849), and Mrs. Felicia Dorothea Ilemans (1793-Ls351.
Hymns, Anci/nt and originally com piled by a committee of N‘hich sir II. W. Raker Was secretary, and published in London in 1St;I. with SlIrideMental iu Iss:1; and l he Congregational Psalmist (1S5‘,1, edited by Henry Allon. and Church Hymns ( Ps7l), edited by Canon John I•:Berton. are the greatest hymn books of England. Laud/ N ( New York, lss , edited by Se?mour Robinson: The Plymouth Colb et ion ). by Henry Ward Beecher; The Ern/In/heal //ymn0 ( IsS0), of Charles Cuthbert loll and Sigisinund Lasar: the Protestant Episcopal llynomi ( I ; the Baptist Book : and the .11•thodist Hymnal (1S7S) are noteworthy American hymnals.