Ifuntomi.veit•. 'Phe standard grammar in German is Noreen's .litishindische oral vonrcgis•he Grammatik (241 ed., Italie, 1149:2). A briefer treatment of Icelandic alone was lished by the same author in 1S96. Kahle's islamlisches Elementarbnch (lleidelherg. ) and liolthausen's tehrharh der allisIdndisehen Spraeire ( 1Veiniar, 1895), are both excellent. The best treatment of the inflections in Danish is \\Immo'. Gldnordisk t'armhrre (5th ed., hagen, 1S971. The earliest grammar in English is DasenCs translation of ltask's work (London, 15451. The most convenient grammar in lish is Sweet's in Irrhtmlir Primer ( Oxf ord, 1550). Reference may also be made to Vigfusson Powell's .1» Icelandic Prose Vender (Oxford, 1S79). 'Die whole subject of ()Id Northern mar is treated seientifieally by Noreen in Paul's arimdrisR o'er ger:minim-hen Philologic, vol. i. tstrassburg. 19011. A very careful treatment of modern leelandie will be found in Sweet's .1 Handbook of Phonetics (Oxford. I577). The modern language is discussed in ter's Grumlriss der neuisliindischen Grammatik 1gS1). The only lexicon with English
renderings is Vigfusson's A n Icelandic-English Dictionary, etc. (Oxford. 187.1), valuable for its references, but marred by careless etymologies. For the poetical language the standard work is still Sveinbjurn Egilsson's Gra-icon Poeticum An tigua- Lingum Scplentrionalis (Copenhagen, 1860), The best recent dictionary is Fritzner's Ovdbog over del yule norshe (2d ed., Christiania, ISS3.9(i), with rendering, in Danish. Larsson's Ordforradet i de alsta islanska hand shrifterna (Lund, 1891) contains an exact refer ence to each occurrence of every word in the old est. Icelandic manuscripts. Gering's Gfo.swor den Giedern der Edda (2d ed., Paderborn, 1890), and Miibius's itiamdisches (Vassar (Leipzig, 1866) are valuable special dictionaries. Thor kelsson's Supplement tit islandske Ordbitger (Reykjavik, 1876-85) contains words not found in previous dictionaries, including Icelandic through the seventeenth century.