INNOCENT IX. (Giovanni Antonio Facchinctti). Pope 1591. Ile was born at Bologna in 1519 pnil studied law. Ile was the lir,t bishop named by Pins IV.. and. after the close of the l'onneil of Trent. was nuncio at Venice fur six years. Gregory XIII. made him :t cardinal, and he held important Mlle( -1 under this Pope and Lis cessors, prapt ically administering the Papacy during the illness of Gregory N IV. own reign. however. was cut short by do.alli after two months, during which he had supported the League in Franee. Ile left a number of learned Philosophical and political writings.
INNuCENT X. ( Giovanni Bat t is1 a Painfili). Pope 1644-55. lie was the candidate of the Span ish party in the conclave, and thus opposed by the French. lie wits notch by his sister in-law Olinipia linidachini, but the insinuations of Grcgorio Let i are (duiracterized by Rauke a- a baseless romance. In the hull Zeins (bonus Dei of 16tS (published in 1(151) lie condemned t he Peace of \Vest phalia as injurious to the rights of the Church, and in 165:3 lie condemned the famous five propositions of Jansen (see %NMI:N is:NI I. On this point consult : Hergenr6ther, Katholisehr Kirehe and Stoat (Frei burg. 1S72): and for his life. Ciampi. Innorenzo Patatili e la atm contr. (Rome, ISTS)• Xi. (Benedetto Odosealelli). Pope 111713 9,9. Ile was born at Como in 1611, and named cardinal by Innocent X. in 1645. Ap pointed Bishop of Novara in 1650, lie devoted the revenues of the see to the poor. nnd later resigned it to his brother. taking up his residence in Borne. Ire was a vigorous and judicious reformer. nnd his reign is entirely free from the stain of nepo tism. In 1(179 he censured as lax sixty-five
propositions taken from Jesuit works on moral theology: and by the constitution raqeslis Pas tor (.f 16'17 condemned still more strongly sixl eight propositions 01 Molins (q.v.). Although lie timed his election to the French party, he Was on invohed in conflicts with Louis NI \ which lasted throughout his pontificate. (hie arose (ter the claim of the French Ambassador in Bonn• to n right of asylum, which enabled him to shelter intinals, uot only in his palace, hut in the sur rounding quarter. Precipitated by an alleged attack by the Corsican guards of the Pope, it led to a military expedition being launched against the Holy S(•. A more serious contliet arose when the Pope attempted to put an end to the al use of .'seeping sees acant, in virtue of what was (balled the 1.(roit Jr , and ing their revenues. The resistance to this attempt forth the (-elebrated declaration of the French clergy as to the •Galliean liberties.' (See Cut twit.) Innocent, as did Itossuct and disapproved of Louis X IV.'s meth ods of converting the Huguenot by force. on this point consult "Le ripe innocent XI. et In ri•vocation dr ''GAO de in 1,terne (leR aneglions hisloriques (Paris, Itiiti) : nIso lbonsult, id.. "Innocent XI. et. la ri•volution anglaise de ih, ( Paris. PiTt(); id., Loui.q c/ lc Najaf Si('gr (2 vols., ib., : I In hipS/ fonocenz AI. ( Berlin, 19011) : "Mi chaud, Louis XLV. it innocent _YI., -I vols. ( Paris, 1SS3),