IPSWICH. A town in Essex County, Mass., 27 miles no•heast of Boston; on the Ipswich River, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Slap: :Massachusetts, .2). It possesses a public library and the Manning Iligh School. The Ipswich Historical Society, founded in 1900, possesses a collection of old furniture, documents, etc.. and its contributions to histori cal literature also are of value. There are plum ing and grist mills, and manufactures of hosiery, isinglass, heels, soap, underwear, etc. The govern ment is administered by town meetings. Point lation, in 1890, 4439; in 1900, 465S. Ipswich was settled as Agawam in 1033 by John Win throp and twelve associates, and in tlo• following year the Massachusetts General Court passed a resolution that "Agawam shall be called Ips w itch" (front Ipswich, England). When in I6s7 Governor Andros levied an arbitrary tax, this town formally protested, on the ground that this tax their liberty as free English sub jects of his Majesty, and the statute law that no taxes should be levied upon his subjects without the consent of an assembly chosen by the free holders for assessing the same." Several of its
citizens were thereupon arrested and punished, one of the judges asserting that English law. did not extend to America, and that colonists had no more privileges left them "than not to be sold as slaves." Thus was one of the earliest instances of colonial resistance to arbitrary taxation. Ips wich was the home for a time of Nathaniel Ward, Amine Bradstreet, Nicholas Easton, William Hub bard, and John Norton. Consult: Hurd, History of Essex County (2 vols., Philadelphia. 18881: the various articles in the Ipswich Antiquarian Papers ( Ipswich. 1879—) ; and an address by Kimball. ''The Evolution of a New England Town." in The Celebration of the 250th Anni rmsary of the Incorporation of the Town of Ips trich (Boston, 1E=41.