PERSONAL 11 YGIENE. This includes the study of (11 Food, including water and beverages. Food should be adapted to the season of the year. the age, occupation, and the condition of health of the individual. An increase in the quantity of fruit and of water, a greater proportion of vege tables• and smaller meals are desirable in hot weather, while an increase in meat and in cereals is desirable in cold weather. Infants require principally milk, the proportions of pro teidl. fats, and suoar graded according to age and digestive eapacity. Older children require small quantities of meats, cereals. fruits, and vegetables. lit regard to occupation, it may be :acid in general that active laboring men, like carpenters, wheelwrights, and farmers, tufty par take of food which takes a considerable time to digest, with noire advantage than sedentary men may. Pork and corn-cake or bread is a nutritious and sustaining diet to an active laborer. but should not term the habitual diet of a sedentary person. (See BRA., paragraph in Disease: see also Font.) The investigation of water-sup ply, examination for noxious ingredients or me dicinal proiterth, in drinking-water. as well as directions for its use, come within the province of hygiene, as does also the use of coffee and tea, which are both stimulating drugs, causing in some persons overact b n of the heart, cerebral ac tivity resulting in insomnia. and indigestion; of cocoa, which is slightly stimulating, but contains food; of wine, beer, and distilled liquors, all of which are drugs in the eyes of the physician and the sanitarian, to lie used with accurate cal culation of their nutrient and stimulant prop erties. (See ALCOHOL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND Pot SONors ACTION OF.) should be suited to the temperature, age. and occupation. Venti lation as well as materials—wool, cotton, linen, and silk—must be considered. (3) Work (rod Ps( reise are necessary for one. Regular physical activity is essential to proper devel opment. and to the maintenance of normal action of the vital organs, and the repair of tissue. Even those who are confined to bed by disease need exercise, which is secured by passive motion or massage. (See nYMNAS
itcs ExEactsE; MAssAGE.) To work must be joined the consideration of rest and sleep, which should be enjoyed at regular intervals, and in quantities proportioned to individual conditions and occupations. (See SLEEP.) ( 4) Personal Cleatlincss includes regular evacua tions of the bowels daily; daily bathing, securing constant removal of perspiration; care of the hair and scalp, and care of the nostrils, of the cavity of the mouth and teeth, of the genitals, and of the anal orifice. (5) Special Habits which tend to undermine health should be con trolled; the use of tobacco. of other narcotics, and of stimulants should receive consideration. Tobacco should never be used before the age of twenty-one or twenty-two years has been reached, and should rarely be used by neurasthenics. In certain diseases, as Bright's disease and syphilis, and certain conditions of the heart, tobacco is pernicious. All other narcotics are distinctly deleterious, and should be forbidden. ((1) Con trol of St xual and Dthcr Passions has much to do with personal health. Indulgence in mastur bation by the young delays development. and in a vast majority of eases causes mental enfeeble ment. Excessive sexual intercourse has a similar effect, with greater disaster to the male. Per haps the most undermining of normal mental activities are anger and grief, and these should be avoided or limited. The thoughts should be calm, and mental exercise, as well as physical. should be regularly taken. 'Mental indolence leads more often to mental disorder than does mental overwork.
DoNtr.srle 11vGiENr. This includes the study of (1) The .1/toutocnunt of infancy, (2) Prepara tion of rood, with regulation of meals, as well as supervision of cooking, and (3) the 1/yoicat of the Nick-lloont, including removal of (hist•ditch ing furnishings, regulation of heat, light, and ventilation. provision of utensils which may be sterilized. care of bedding and Ind-linen, and ar rangements for proper bathing and nursing. lte subdivisions, others might he made which would duplicate of the titles more properly assigned to personal or public hygiene; such as air, and hygiene of the school.