INTERNATIONALE, or INTERNATION AL WORKINGMEN'S ASSOCIATION. .111 :Melilla to unite workingmen of all nations into an organization which should bane for its pur pose the protection!, the eonpernt ion, and the com plete emancipation of the working elasses. It 1%1144. an international movement in harmony with the growing a ,olida•ity and e01010011 interests which ',Vain centralizing the unions during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The (Winding of the International _Association of lVorkitiginen was ocean-Aimed by a visit of French workingmen to the International Exhibit in London in !SQ. They came in con tact with English trade unionists, recognized their common interests, and as a result a meeting of workingmen of all nations was held in London, September 28, 1861. A provisional committee was appointed to draw tip a wide!' was drafted by Marx after ,Ilazzini's ideas had failed to meet with approval. .1 general council with headquarters in London was appointed. Sixty delegates were present. at the first congress in Geneva, in September, I$ItI, \•itene an eight hour day was approved, and a systo.in of educa tion discussed. At Lausanne in 1867 soeialistie principles were first adopted, with the result that its English adherents, whose ideal was trade withdrew from the movement. .At the third and most important congress at Brussels in ISM; the congress announced itself opposed to advoeated a general strike. in ease of war, and declared itself in favor of State 4 IWTtertill ip of mines, land. and t nsport at ion facilities. Baktinin and other anarchists joined the fourth congress at Basel in I869. In that year the
Social in. Party was founded in Ger many, representing in polities the principle, of t he International. The Prussia n War pr(•vented the meeting of tli(• tiftli congress at Paris. In 1S12 at The Hague congress the an archists were expelled. and the general council T(1110•C41 N-sv Cork. A last congress, repre senting ehietly the anarchistie wing of the party, was held at Geneva in IS73. For sonic years this faction carried on a fiery agitation in the south of Europe, but with the death of Itakiinin in IS7II it disintegrated. its members becoming the anarehistie eonnimnists of to-day. The Marxist wing developed in other countries, as well as in (lei-many, into Social Democratic parties. Branches of both factions were formed in the United States, but were never firmly established. In the American movement the anarchistic file tion showed the greater strength. This faction broke up into two rival associations, the Interna tional \Vorking People's Assoviation and the Internal ion II Association. the latter representing the more radical principles. 1lhile it existed the International aided strikes of bronze-workers in Paris 8(17) and builders in ;ein•va ( BON). and helped English trade union ists by preventing the importation of eliostp labor. A number it journal, in different countries were devoted to its cause.
Consult : Linkup, II ;story of Socialism (1.0n don , 1 ti!c 2 ; Rare. Cunt, nyorary Socialism (2(1 'Sew York, 19III) ; Fly, Labor II orcmcn t fn .1 mcrica ( NVW York, !SSG).