In France meanwhile Charles VI. had become insane, civil war broke out between the factions of the Armagimes (q.v.) and the Burgundian% and Paris itself was distressed by the rising of the Cabochiens (q.v.) in 1413. In England Richard II. was overthrown by Henry IV. in 1399, and the latter was succeeded in 1413 by his son Henry V. But the house of Lancaster did not feel secure on the throne, and nothing would turn the attention of the people away from internal affairs as completely as a foreign war. So, in 1415 the war began again with the invasion of France by Henry V. France dis united offered an easy prey to the English, and soon the country was almost entirely in their possession, especially as they were aided by Philip, Duke of Burgundy (q.v.), who was eager to revenge the murder of his father, John the Fearless (q.v.). To the first year of this period belongs the battle of Agincourt (q.v.), the last of the three great English victories. On May 20, 1420, the Treaty of Troyes was signed, by whiell Henry V. was recognized as Regent of France and the heir of Charles VI., while the Dauphin was disowned by his own mother. The English held practically the whole of France.
In 1422 both Henry V. and Charles VI. died, and the former was succeeded by his son, henry VI., a child of ten months, who was crowned Henry of France at Paris, his uncle Bedford being Regent. Charles VII., the successor of Charles VI., gave no signs of ability, and it seemed as if henry VI. would really hold France permanently. But when affairs looked darkest France was saved by Joan of Arc (q.v.), who came forward and raised the siege of Orli':ans in 1429, thus turn ing the tide of war. From that time on the English slowly but sorely lost ground. and when, in 1453, their last great captain. Talbot, fell at Castillon, the war ceased. Of all the extensive English conquests in France, nothing remained except the city of Calais and a small adjoining district. This France. did not regain until 1:55S. Consult: Lavisse and Rainhaud, Histoirc vol. iii. (Paris, 189t) Kitchin,History of France, vol. i. (Oxford, 18731 : Hardy, I,a Guerre de cent ens (Paris. 18771 ; Dognon. Les'Armagnars et less Rourguignons (Toulouse. 1890) : Wallon, Jeanne d'Arr (Paris. 1875) ; Longman, Edward Ill. (London, 1869). See FRANCE: Esvu..v:vn: and UM:NM%