KUENEN, ABRAHAM (1828-91). A distinguished biblical scholar, and one of the founders of the modern critical school. He was bon! at Haarlem, September 16, 1828; studied at Leyden, and was made professor of theology there in 1853. He died at Leyden, December 10, 1891. Kuenen early distinguished himself by his fear less application of eritical methods in the study of the Old Testament regardless of tradition, or the consequences alleged to result from such methods. His publications are !narked by great accuracy and keen critical and histo rical aeumen, and he lived to see his methods approved and many of his theories adopted by the majority of scholars in Europe and America. ]]is works include: Liber acitcsco• (1851); Libri Exodi if Lerili•i Sccundum Arabieam Penta teuchi Samaritani l'crsionem ab Abu Said° Conseriptam (1854) ; 17 istorisch-kritisch (hider zock motile het ontstaan en do rc•samcliny ran de hoe/en. des Ouden Verbonds (1861-65; 2.(1 ed.
1885-93; Eng. trans. of vol. i., The Ilefateueh, London, 1886) ; Di yodsdienst ran Israel tot den ondergany ran den doodschen ~'taut (1869-70; trans., The Religion of Israel, 5 vols., London, 1874-75) ; De profctcn on de profetie on4er Israel (1875; trans., Prophets and Prophecy in Israel, London, 1877) ; National Religions and Cnirersal Religion (Hibbert Lectures, 1882). From 1867 till his death he was one of the editors of the Thcologisch Tijdschrift, and in this journal many of his most important investigations of special points connected with the composition of the Pentateuch and historical books of the Old Testa ment appeared. A number of his articles in this periodical were collected and published after his death in a German translation by Karl Budde, under the title, Gcsaninwite zur biblische• •issensehaft (Freiburg, 1894).