(B) PRONUNCIATION. In the modern teaching of Latin, various methods of pronunciation have been employed. as the 'Roman method.' the 'Con tinental method.' the 'English method.' As Latin has never ceased to be spoken as a learned lan guage. its pronunciation has; followed in general the principles governing the language of each country in which it is used. Thus Cicero. as a Latin name. would usually be pronounced in Ger many Tsitsero, in Italy Chichtro, in Spain Thither°, in France Sis,'ro, in England Sisero. The Church of Rome uses a form of pronuncia tion developed from the modern languages during the :Middle Ages; and this is essentially the same in all countries, though modified, of course. by the native language of the speaker. This is the so-called 'Continental' pronunciation. The 'Eng lish method.' still used in England, consists in iwonouncing Latin words precisely as if they were English, each syllable, however, pro nounced as such. The 'Roman method.' an at tempt to attain to the real pronunciation of Latin hi the time of Cicero, is 110W almost universal in the universities. colleges. and schools of this
country. Time vowels are pronounced almost as in the Romance languages (Italian. French, Span ish), i.e. long and short A. I, LT, close E and 0, and open E and O. The diphthongs are (like i in mine), Cf:: and OI (as in soil). El (as in rein), AU (like ode in owl), EU (sounded separately, with greater stress on the F.). VI (as we). The consonants have their English sounds, with the exception that C and G are always hard: R is trilled; S is voiceless; Z is like DZ; TII, CH are really aspirated consonants. Compare the English 'cliop-house."hot-house,"block-house; Latin accent was originally recessive (i.e. on the first syllable). as is shown by such changes in unaccented vowels as cdptus, ucceptus, after wards uen'utus. In the classical period, however, the accent fell always on the penult if long; if the penult was short, it fell on the antepenult. Examples: eccide, '1 kill'; occidu, 'I fall.'