FANOV1TCH (1787-1864), the founder of the liter ary language of the Serbo-Croats and of their literature. Ile was born at Trshitch in Servia. He learned to read from letters scribbled on shot gun paper with a. reed pen dipped iu a solution of gunpowder. At seventeen he was the 'most learned lad' in the neighborhood. At Karlowitz (Austria) he learned Latin, Church Slavonic, and German. Three years later he returned to Servia, served as scribe in the Belgrade Council, was later made judge, but had to leave for Vienna in 1813 after the Turks quelled the rising in Servia. Here he wrote an open letter to Czerny George, leader of the unsuccessful uprising. On the Fall of Serria. Urged on by the Slavic scholar Kopi tar. Ka rajiteh published a collection of Servian popular songs in 1814 and then A Grammar Based on the Popular Tongue. In NIS he pub lished his Serrian Dictionary Explained in Ger man and Latin. A revised edition of his gram
mar was prefixed to the Dictionary, and then translated by Jakob Grimm (q.v.) in 1824. He visited Russia in 181S and made many friends among the Russian scholars, and then returned to Servia to establish the primary schools on a more rational basis. In 18.29-30 he codified Servian law for Prince Milash, but soon left Servia, ow ing to the Prince's despotism. He traveled in Dalmatia, _Montenegro, and Croatia until 1839, when he returned to his fatherland. The rich ma terial collected in his wanderings was embodied in Popular Scrrian Prorerbs (1835, 2d ed., Vienna. 1849) ; Popular Servian Songs, in six volumes (i.-iv., 1841-45-46-63. v.-vi., 1865-66) ; a new edi tion of his Dictionary (1852), supplemented by Popular serrian Talcs; and Examples of the Serbo-S7orenian Languages (1857).