KUGLER, FRANZ ( 1303-58 ) . A German art historian and poet. He was born at Stettin. January 19. 1308. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg. and at the Academy of Architecture, Berlin. After the completion of a very diversified course of study. he devoted himself to the fine arts. In 1833 he became a professor of art history at the Academy of Fine Arts and docent in the University of Berlin. His best known work is the Handbuch der Ileschiehte der Malerci, etc. (Manual of the History of Painting from the Time of Constantine the Great to the Present Day) (1S37), which has been translated into English—the part relating to Italian art by Sir Charles and Lady Eastlake, and revised by Aus ten Henry Layard (London, 1891), and that re lating to the German, Dutch, and Flemish schools under the editorship of Sir Edmund Head, revised by Sir Joseph A. Crowe (London. 1898). Ilis other works include: Geschichte Friedrichs des Grossen (Leipzig, 18401 12th ed. 1887) ; a Hand buch der Kanstgeschielitc (Manual of the His tory of Art) (1342; revised by Liibke. Stuttgart, 1871-72 ) ; Gesehichte (ler Haukunst (Berlin, 1S55-60), the most complete work on the subject, as far as it goes. He is also favorably known
as a poet, and as the author of several dramas, published in his Belletristische Sehriften (Berlin, 1852). He died in Berlin, March IS, 1858.
KUH, ka,. Emu, (182S-76). An Austrian critic and poet, born in Vienna, of .Jewish parents. He studied -philosophy and history, embraced Catholicism in Berlin, in 1857, and returned to Vienna, where he became prominent as a literary critic through his contributions to the leading newspapers, and in 1864 was appointed professor of German language and literature at the Han delsakademie. His most valuable work is a comprehensive biography of Friedrich Hebbel (1S77), although its partiality provoked great opposition. Besides, he published: Eeber neurre Lyrik (1S65), an excellent essay; Zwei Dichter Oesterreichs: Franz Grillparzer and Adalbcrt Stiller (1872) and Dirliterburli ens Oesterreich (1863). an unusually well selected anthology. His own lyrics are original in sentiment and graceful in diction. With Julius Glaser he edited the collected works of Hebbel (Hamburg, 1864 66), and with Pachler the of Friedrich Halm (Vienna, 1872).