GOVERNMENT. 'Java and Madura.' with the surrounding islets included in the same adminis tration, is divided into twenty-three residencies. under the control of a Governor-General, who has great executive and even a certain amount of legislative power. He is assisted by a eouneil of five, whose functions are legislative and ad visory. In each province there is also a resident. assisted by assistant residents and subordinate officers called controllers. Nevertheless the ad ministration. so far as the .Javanese see it, is carried on through a network of native officials, to whom the foreign rulers are 'elder brothrs.' There is daily conference between the Dutch and native chiefs, and in all matters between them the Javanese language is used. Dutch not being allowed to be spoken. Each resident exercises judicial, financial, and administrative functions, dealing with civil and criminal cases. To each assistant resident there is an afdecling, or de partment. The controller is really the link be tween the natives and foreign officers. ]le makes a personal inspection of his district every month, having supervision of eve rything—observing. ad vising, and reporting—but with little executive authority. Out of the ancient noble families a native regent is appointed, whose rank and right of precedence is superior even to that of all other European officers except the resident. lie
is the head of the native officials in his province, and receives a salary of 2000 to 3000 florins; but in one or two eases—e.g.. the Sultan of .lukjo and the Regent of Bandong—the allowance is 54,000 florins. The residents number 23. the as sistant residents 73. controllers 100. and aspirant controllers 48. The residents and controllers are appointed only after a searching examination in the Javanese language, customs, and conditions. The Governor-General resides in Batavia, the capital. in the administration of justice there is a distinction made between Europeans and na tives and Orientals. The former are subject to laws based on those of the Netherlands, while in the regulation and trial of the Javanese and those classed with them, their own traditions, customs, and law, under the direction of the na tive chiefs, decide questions of equity and law. The High Court of Justice is at Batavia. with lower courts in the five large cities, besides a number of circuit, district, and in some places priestly, courts. For the defense of the colony there is an army of about 42.000 (mostly na tives), with headquarters at Batavia. and a navy. with headquarters at Surabaya.