JAC'OBITES (from Lat. Jacobus, James). The name given to the adherents of the male line of the House of Stuart in Great Britain and Ireland after the Revolution of 1688. Many of the more devoted royalists followed James II. into France; but the greater part of the Jacob ites remaining in their native land made a greater or less show of submission to the new Government, while secretly supporting the cause of the, Pretender. Their intrigues and conspira cies were incessant till the middle of the eigh teenth century. Their hostility to the House of Hanover broke out in rebellions in 1715 and 1745, in consequence of which several of them lost their lives upon the scaffold, titles were attracted. and estates confiscated. After the overthrow of the Young Pretender at Culloden in 1746 their cause became so hopeless that it was not long be fore their activity ceased altogether: those who still retained their attachment to the exiled fami ly finally acquiesced in the order of things estab lished by the Revolution. In Scotland the hopes and wishes of the Jacobite party were expressed in many spirited songs. which form an interest
ing part of the national literature. The Jac obites of England were also called Tories. They were generally distinguished by warm attach ment to the Church of England, as opposed to all dissent, if they were not members of the Catholic Church, and held very strongly the doc trine of non-resistance, or the duty of absolute submission to the King. The Jacobites of Scot land were also generally Episcopalians and Ro man Catholics. In Ireland the Jacobite cause was that also of the Celts as opposed to the Saxons, or the native race against the English colonists, and of the Roman Catholics against the Protestants. These diversities prevented a complete union, and greatly weakened the Jac obites. Consult: Chambers, History of the Re bellion in 17°15 (Edinburgh, 1827) ; Lacroix de Maries, Histoire da Cheralier de Saint-Georges et du Prince Charles Edouard (1876) ; the Cul loden Papers (London. 18151: Hogg, Jacobite Relics (Edinburgh. 1819) : and Chambers:. Jacob ite Memoirs (Edinburgh, 1824).