JADASSOHN, ya'a-s5n, SALOMON ( 1S31 1902). A German musical composer and theorist, born at Breslau. He studied the pianoforte under Hesse and Liszt, the violin under Liistner, and in 1S4S entered the conservatory at Leipzig, in which institntion he subsequently (18711 be came professor of harmony. pianoforte composi tion, and counterpoint. He studied under Liszt in 1849. hut his career as a teacher dates from 1852, after a course of private study under Hauptmann. His various works on the science of music have continued to be used • as text-books throughout the world. He is the composer of about one hundred and fifty works in nearly every musical form, all written in faultless style. Al though he will be remembered as a great theorist rather than as a great composer, many of his compositions bear evidences of permanent value. He was appointed conductor of the Psalterion Choral Society in 1866, and from 1867 to 1869 was Kapellmeister of the 'Euterpe' organization. Among his text-hooks the following are note worthy: Harmonzcich•e (Leipzig. 1883; Eng. trans., New York, 1893) ; /coati-am/Oct (Leip zig, 1884) ; and Fugue (Leipzig. 18S4) : Lehrbuch der Instrumentation (Leipzig, 1889) (the above have also been translated into English at Leipzig) ; and Elementar - Harmonielchre (Leipzig, 1895).
JADE (Fr., Sp. jade, from Sp. yjada, ijada, side, from Lat. ilium, flank, groin; ultimately connected with Gk. caw, ci/cin, Lat. rolrcre, Goth. waticjan, AS. wealwian, Eng. wallow; so called as being formerly supposed to cure pain in the side). A name applied to various tough, compact minerals of the pyroxene and amphibole groups, chiefly jadeite and nephrite, of a white to dark-green color. These minerals were used by primitive man for utensils and ornaments, and among the Cainese they are highly prized as material for vases and other carved objects. Specimens of jade have been found among the remains of the lake-dwellers of Switzerland, at various points in France, and in Mexico, Greece, Egypt, and Asia Minor. The chalehilmitl of the early Mexicans has been supposed by some to have been jade. but the present belief is that this name refers to the turquoise found in the mines in New- Mexico. See CHALCHIIIITITL.