JANINA, yil'ne-nA, or YANINA. A town of Albania, European Turkey, capital of a vilayet of the same name, situated near the Grecian fron tier, on the Lake of Janina (Map: Turkey in Europe, C 5). The splendid buildings of the old city are now in a state of decline, and very little is left of the strong fortifications. There are •still, however, a number of mosques, churches, synagogues, a Greek gymnasium, a library. and a hospital. The chief products are gold-ware and silk goods, which are manufactured and exported to a considerable extent. Janina is the seat of a Turkish Governor-General and a number of Euro pean consular representatives. Population esti mated at 26,000, including about 15,000 Greeks and about 2500 Jews. Janina is mentioned as early as the ninth century. when it formed a part of the Byzantine Empire. During the eleventh and twelfth centuries it was destroyed by the Normans, and fell into the hands of Turkey in 1430, in whose possession it has since remained.
jANITSCHEK, HITBERT (1846 93). An Austrian writer on art history, born at Troppau, Silesia. He studied at the university at Gratz from 1868 to 1873, then pursued art historical studies in Italy until 1877, when he was appointed custodian of the Austrian Museum of Art and Industry in Vienna. Afterwards
he became professor, successively, at the univer sities of Prague (1879). Strassburg (1881). and Leipzig (1891). His valuable researches in the history of Italian and German art resulted in the publication of: Die Gesellschaft der Renais sance in Italian and die Kunst (1879); Zieei Studies, zur Geschichte der karolingischen JIalerei ( 1SS.5) ; the important "Geschichte der deutschen 3lalerei." in Grote's Geschichte dcr deutschen Kunst (1890); Dantes Kunstleh•e mid Giottos Kunst (1892) ; and the biographies of Andrea del Sarto. Paolo Veronese, Tintoretto. and other Italian masters in Dohme's Kunst end Kiinsticr. —His wife, .)iARIE ( 1859—). was born in Vienna. After her husband's death she settled in Berlin, and became known as a poet and noveli:f. Among her principal works may be mentioned: I in Kampf um die Zukunft (1887), an epic poem; Gesain melte Gedichte (1892) ; Aus alten Zeiten (1900): and the novels and tales Lichthungrige Leute (1892). Gott hat es geirollt (1895). Frauenkraft (19001. and Harter Sieg (1901).