JOINVILLE, JEAN, Sire de (1225-1317 ) . A great French chronicler, hereditary seneschal of Champagne, and Governor thereof during the minority of Jeanne de "Savatrre, at whose request he N‘ rote or colopletcd Ins Histoirc de Xilint lie was of a family illustrious in the second, third, and fifth ern,.ades. Iteared at the literary court, of Thibaut of Champagne, he was already mar ried and father of two children, milieu at twenty four he joined at Cyprus Louis IX. on his first the Egypt ia n ) crusade ( September, 12 Is) . doinville was wounded at .Mansurali in 1250 and taken prisoner, but after a month he was ran somed. Ile remained in Egypt and Syria till 1254. The experience satisfied him, and he declined to arcomp.my the King on his crusade to Tunis in 1267. In 1283 Philip Ills made hint Governor of Champagne. IIis Histuire, though made at the re quest of Jeanne, then Queen. was presented four years after her death (1309) to her son. the future Louis X. There is a letter of 1315 in which Joinville, then(' Over ninety. otters to join that King in a campaign against Flanders. lie died on Christmas eve, 1317. At Saint dean (Mere Joinville wrote his Credo (1251), a sort of commentary on the Creed, and he recast. it in 1287. lie was also fond of annotating autographi cally the papers of his chancelry: and it is now thought. contrary to earlier opinion, that the kernel of his llistoirc consists not of the recol lections of an old man, but of notes taken during the Egyptian Crusade. or of personal memoirs written probably soon after 1272. To these IIIPITIOirS, retouched and expanded, the anecdotal history of the already venerated King was added by the aged .14)invi11e at royal request, probably. in 1305. In the later parts there are traces of senility; the memoirs are the work of a keen observer and a born narrator. Here, says Lan glois, doinville reveals himself fundamentally good, straightforward, cautious, filled with an ideal of duty, brave though not fond of blows, careful of his interests and his ease, a jealous conserver of tradition, with just a trace of aris tocratic pride and personal vanity. but yet full of good sense. good humor, and dry wit. If Join ville had not written, the classic, popular figure of Saint Louis would not be what it is, and there would be something lacking in the history of France. Yet there are but these manuscript copies of the Histoire, which for two centuries seems to have been quite forgotten. The works of doinville were first edited by Antoine de Risux in 1547, and best by Xatalis de Wain.). in Jean dr Joinrille: Histaire de Saint Louis, Credo et Lettre it Louis X., with a modernized version (Paris. 1874). Consult Delaborde. Jean de Join rifle et les Seigneurs dr Joinrille (Paris, 1894) ; Gaston Paris, in his Litteraturc fran•rtisr au tiye 1S931., and in notnania ( ib.. 1894) : also Fitzjantes Stephen, Ilora' Sabbatiew (London, 1891).
JoKAI, MAunt's (Hung. ilar) (1825 19)4 ). A fatuous Hungarian writer of fiction, born at Komori' on February 19, 1825. At PApa he made the acquaintance of PettIfi (q.v.). with whom he entered into a lasting friendship. the two being the leaders of the young Nationalist Party during the days of 1848. On March 15th they fought for the 'twelve articles' (freedom of the press, vie.). Though admitted to the bar in 1846, he never took up law practice, but devoted himself to literary pursuits. As early as 1842 he composed his first drama. A Zsithiflii (The Jar Hoy). and published in 1846 his first novel, Hetkiknopok (Working Days), 1% Well becallie pOpUoir at once. ln 1847 he as• sinned the editorship of the weekly 1:hike's.*
Mann Which hied public opin ion and guided the minds during those da3s of social ferment. Two volumes of his tales. 1 adult riniyai (Wilderness l'haa rs), appeared during the same year, and attracted general attention to the rising author. After the Revolution was e•nshed (nit. he was imprisoned at Vilitgo•s 1849), whence after many hairbreadth escapes he was safely brought to Pest by his devoted young wife. later the famous tragic actress Rosa Labor fairy. These troublous days he described in his Forradalmi esatakepek ( Rreolulionary Iiruile Pietures) (1849), follower] by a series of novels dealing with the history of Hungary. (if these works the following are best Erdrly arany •ora (1851; translated by Nisbet Bain as The Holden Era of T•:tit:gill! e1 ; kit narrtt ember (1852, The Ttro•)iornal Man); Tiirt;ik ribiy Magyarorstaigon (185•, The Turks in Bunflui71); Egy magyar netticir (An Hun garian Nabob), describing the life of wealthy Hungarians, 'who lived like little potentates in pre.revolutionary times': its sequel Karinithy Zottiin (1854. The Carpathian Sultan). full of pathos and humor; :1 kits:rich ember fiai (The S0118 of a Heartless Man); Vo1lbkal titical Pashitms); Megis mouty a phi (1863, And Yet the Earth Mures) ; Az ill foldeser (The New Landlord, translated by A. Patterson, Lon. don, 1865), admittedly his masterpiece as re. gards form and structure; .1 Piro d reyeage (1874, The Romance of the Nest ('entury); .1 ma (1881, Our Days): •ekete yyenaintok (Black Diamonds, translated into English) ; Mire meg ( What ll'c Arc Growing Old For); Szerelem bolond jai (Lore's Pools); Ninesat tiudtlg is No Deril); Rtilaiezy flu (7'he Non uj leeko•zy); icelszer krill; vt'yy (Twice Two is Pour); A tenyerszemil holgy ( 1890, The Lady leith Sal-Eyes). Of his numerous dramas King (I855). Manlius Sinister (1856). George bursa (1858), Thr Martyrs of N.z.iyetruir (1359). and Milton (1878) met with the great est favor. ,13kai's History of Hungary (1884) is held in high repute. From 1853 till 1881 he was contributor to and editor of the leading littnavcons weekly. Ustilkos (Comet), at Budapest; founded the political daily lion (Fatherland) in 1863, and became editor-in-ebief of Nemzet (Thr tion) in 1894.
He was elected to the Hungarian Academy in 1S5S, became a member of the Kisfalutly Society in 1860. and has been president of the Pet3fi So ciety since 1878. The fiftieth anniversary of his literary activity was celebrated throughout Hun gary in 1894, and an edition de /use of his works was issued. Invariably reflected to the Lower House of the Hungarian Parliament until Janu ary, 1897. .bikai was then called by Francis Joseph to the House of Magnates.
Alert and keen to what was going on in the world, he reflected in his methods the various lit erary currents prevailing in European literature. Thus avowedly a pupil of the French Romanti cists, particularly Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas, at the beginning of his literary eareer, he became a strong champion of the 'realistic school' during the last two decades of the nine teenth century. Vivid in filmy. rich in humor, absorbing in plot. his works are often open to criticism owing to the special nature of his gifts; but his writings present a splendid panorama of the political and social lite of Hungary, par ticularly during the nineteenth century, and more especially the period of his country's regenera tion (1825-48), the Revolution, and the epoch of reaction. Consult L. NEvy, if. Johai (Budapest, 1894) (in Hungarian).