JUGUR'THA (Lat.. from Gk. lougourthas) (?-n.c. 104). King of Numidia. He was the grandson of Masinissa, King of Nu midia. and was brought up together with Adher bal and Iliempsal. the sons of his uncle Mieipsa, who su•eeeded Masinissa on the throne. He was finely gifted by nature, and during the Spanish campaign n.c. 134 gained the friendship of Scipio and other influential Romans. On the death of \licipsa (n.c. 118), Jugurtha was given a share in the Kingdom with his cousins: but lie soon caused 1Iiempsal to he murdered and drove Ad herbal out of the country. Adln rhal appealed for aid to Rome, hut Jugurtha succeeded in brib ing many Roman senators and obtained a decision in his favor. freeing him from the charge of the murder of Hiempsal. and assigning him a larger share of the Kingdom than was given to Adherbal. But .Jugurtha soon invaded Adherbal's dominions. and, notwithstanding injunctions by the Romans to the contrary. besieged him in the town of Cirta (B.C. 1 12 ) and caused him and the Romans who were captured with him to he put to death with horrible tortures. War was declared against .Jugurtha by the Roman people: but, by bribing the generals. Jugurtha contrived for years to baffle the !Ionian power. At last the Consul. Q. C:reilius Metellus. proving inaccessible to bribes, defeated him in n.c. 109 and 108, and he was compelled to lice to the Mauritanian King, L'oevbus. Marius, who succeeded Metellus in the
command, carried on the war against Jugurtha and Bacchus, till at last Bocchus delivered up Jugurtha to the Romans (me. 100). The King alter being kept a captive in Africa for two years NN aS exhibited at Rome in the triumph of Marius (n.c. 104), and then thrown into the underground dungeon, the Tullianum. to die of hunger. In the war against dugurtha, Marius and Sulla, the future rival impnitons, first gained celebrity. Jm.mrtha's fame rests chiefly on the masterly essay, Bellum luguriliinum, of the Itoman histo rian Santis( (q.v.).
ynl'ke, FERDINAND ( 1815-93). A (•;ernian horticulturist, born at Barth in Pome rania. lie was trained in the Botanical Gardens at Greifswald, and in 1854 he was appointed royal horticultural inspector and head. of an ex perimental station. From 1806 to 1891 he was di rector of the Prussian 1Zoyal Clardens, succeeding Lennie. Ile edited the Eld(nacr Archly (1854-59), and wrote ninny works on gardening, ineluding: Giirtncrisehe Ruixeticriclite (1:4:13); Garlenbuch fiir Damen (3d ed. 1874) ; Leber die Stellung der Bolanik zur Landifirtscluift mid zum Gar lenbau ( 1805) ; and Die kuniglielle aartatr lehranslalt find Landesbaamsehule (187'2). Ile edited Schmidlin, Bina:cane/It im Zimmer (4th ed. 1880).