JUNGMANN, yng'man. .lozEF •AKon (1773-1S-17). A Czech philologist, born at Bud litz, Bohemia. He studied philosophy and law in Prague, taught at the Gymnasium at Left merits from 1799 to 1815, and thereafter at the Altst:idter Gymnasium in Prague. of which he was rector from 18:1:i until 1845. when he retired. Ile contributed greatly to the revival of the Czech national sentiment, and especially to the intell«•ual reawakening of his people after a protracted period of inactivity. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the Czech tongue, he first undertook the translation of some masterpieces of foreign die most notable of which was that of Milton's Paradist', Lost, begun in 150(1 and published in 1St I. This was followed by Chateaubriand•s .1toin (18051. and Go•the': Hermann and Dorothea. With Johann l'resl he founded in 1s•1 the Krok. the first seientitic periodical in the Czech language. His next important work was a History of the Czech Lit, mince. and Language (IS25). but the crowning effort of his life was the ::/ornik I 1535 39i, a complete dictionary of the Czech lan guage, for which he had collected the material for more than thirty year:.
yMng stilling. JouANN IlEINa•n t. A German author. horn at Grand in Westphalia. His original name was
dung. Ile was a was then ap prenticed to a tailor. and in 1770 went to Strassburg to study medicine. Ile practiced at Ellwrfeld till 1778. and achieved renown by his operation; for the removal of eataract: then taught at Kaiserslautern, Heidelberg, and Mar bur•: but ,,,on returned to Karlsruhe, where he was pensioned by the Grand ['hike of Baden and made Privy Councilor. lli: most important work is the my-tic autobiography, Heinrich Stillings Leben (IS06), in the publication of which he was assisted by Goethe. whom lie had learned to know at Strassburg. and who characterizes his friend in the second volume of _tits nicinern Leben. The autobiography was completed by Heinrich MiWags Alter (1817). His other works are the novels: Geschiehte des Herr» von Morgenthau (1779) ; Geschichte Porcutins con Fahlendorn (1761-S3): and Er:tali/i/gen (1814-151 ; and on purely mystical subjects: Theobah/ (1784-S5; in English, 1846) ; Theorie der Geisterkunde (1SOS; in English, 1834) : and ,`:4eenen aus den Geister reiehe 11797-18011. His collected works were published at Stuttgart (1S35-39). Consult Petersen, Jung-Stilling (Copenhagen, 1890).